Gehirn

• Visuelle Wahrnehmung der Umgebung

• Verrechnung beider Inputs

• Kontrast?

• perception of emotion

• interpretation of sensory stimuli (eg velocity of object)

• language, mathematical, body image

• Gyrus angularis

• Gyrus supramarginalis

• tempoparietal junction

  
  

• input: sensory

  • visual

  • somatosensory

  • auditory

• output:

  • secondary motor cortex

  • cortex prefrontalis dosrlateralis

  • frontal eye field

• planned movement

• spatial resoning

• attention

• vegetative control

• blood, breath, digestion/bowel motility

• 1: pyramidal tracts: motoric functions

• 2: Raphes`s nuclei: regulation pain and vigilance

• oben links: nuclei cochlearis

• Mitte grün und blau: nucleus olivaris superior and nucleus olivaris inferior: auditory system

• production of serotonin -> projecting in almost all parts of brain, and spinal cord

• pain

• medulla oblongata

• auditory system

• netzartiger Nervelzellkomplex: Hirnstamm bis Mesencephalon

• ARAS: aufsteigendes reticuläres aktivierendes System

  • Afferenzen im RM: mot/sens/veg

  • -> kortikale und vegetative (Kreislauf, Atmung) Aktivierung

  • Schlaf-Wachrhythmus

• Durchtrennung: synchronisation -> komatöser Zustand

• cerebellum, roof of 4th ventricle

• afference: cerebellum lobe

• efference: ncl. ruber

• conditioned reflexes

• coordination of antagonist/agonist muscle pairs

• spezifischer Thalamuskern

• 90% der Sehnbahnnerven enden hier

• Bündelung und Verrechnung Information -> Weitergabe an vis. Cortex

• circadianer Rhythmus

• Input tractus opt - Retina, output to epiphyse -> melatonin down

• Hypothalamus nucleus

• corpus geniculatum laterale

• colliculi superior

• Diencephalon

• Schlaf-Wach-Rhythmus

• Tectum des Mesencephalon

• Colliculi superiores (visual)

• Colliculi inferiores (auditory)

• lamina quadrigemina

• visual system

• central switching point

• behaviour toward stimulus object - reaching for object

• input from tractus opticus

• lamina quadrigemina

• auditory system

• input from somatosensroy nuclei (filtering self-infuced sounds (chewing) from vocalization through multisensory integration

• to auditory cortex through thalamus also to colliculi superiores

• fusiform face area: prosopagonie

• fsiform body area

• big lesions: no recognition of self in mirror

• general: recognition of abstract obejct categories

• motor system: switching point between Cerebellum and Cerebrum to spinal cord

• Melanin

• intentional movement

• M Parkinson

• basal ganglia

• Kontrolle Schmerzempfindung

• opioiderg

• Efferenzen zu serotoniergen Raphe-Kernen

• im limbischen System: formatio reticularis -> Angst- und Fluchtreflex

• motivated behaviour

• descending autonomic tracts

• ascending pain and temperature (spinothalamic tract fibers over spinomesencepahlic tract)

• maternal behaviour: oxytocin and vasopressin receptors, connection to orbitofrontal cortex (pleasant stimuli)

• pleaseant stimuli - maternal love

• connection betweeen right and left hemisphere

• dorsaler Pons (Metencephalon) - tegmentum pontis

• wichtigster Teil des noradrenergen Systems

• Afferenzen nach (Hypo-)Thalamus und limbisches System + Cortex

• Efferenzen zu unteren Hirnstammkernen und Vorderseitenstrangbahnen

• Aufmerksamkeitslenkung

  • LTP

  • ADHS?

  • Parkinson, Trisomie 21, M Alzheimer

  • Sucht bei Rauschdrogen

• basal ganglia, ventral striatum

• mesolimbic dopamin system -> gabaergic neurons

• motivation, aversion, reward (pleasure, reinforcement), conditioning with pavlovian instrumental-tranfer -> addiction

• induction of slow-wave sleep

• afferent: prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus

• connection with CA! und subiculum in hippocampus —> priming

• efferent: basal ganglia and ventral pallidum

reactivation of contextually linked information

left: reactivation of semantic representations

fact retrieval, attention processes