Rhetorics

same sound in the beginning

mad max

same/similar vowel pattern

consonants are repeated

lautmalerei

line ends with a phrase and the next line starts with the same phrase

the same phrase is repeated at the beginning of two lines

arrangement of words ascending in power

word/phrase is repeated at the end of two lines

repitition of words next to each other

same form, but has two or more different meanings

one word is repeate in different grammatical forms

combination of two words

eg. breakfast + lunch = brunch

phrase/word is repeated in the beginning AND end of a sentence

similar meanings

idea is expressed through additional (maybe uneccessary words)

eg. small dwarf

speaker fails to complete a sentence due to emotional reasons

• asyndeton: lack of conjunctions to coordinate words/phrases

• polysyndeton: unusual repitition of conjunctions

cross-like arrangement of phrases

eg. eat wisely but not too well, and talk well but not too wisely

a word/phrase lacks but is implied by the context

words/phrases that belong together are separated

• hypotaxis: sentences arranged with subordination; usually schachtelsätze

• parataxis: sentences aranged without subordination, short fragments

usual word order is rearranged

repitition of syntactic elements

eg. haste still pays haste

kind of like symploce

one verbs controls two or more objects

contrast of words in parallel construction

eg. much to be endured, little to be enjoyed

addressing an absent person or a god

verschönerung

obvious exagaration for emphasis or rhetorical effect

whatever it is

one word is replaced by another on the basis of some relation

eg. the white house announced (the president announced)

self-contradictory combination of words

ja genau

wordplay

eg. some are wise, some are otherwise

use of words disparaging connotations

descriptive word/phrase is used instead of the proper name

objects/animals endowed with human characteristics

open comparison

eg. my heart is like ___

mix of senses (feel colours etc)

pars pro toto

idea is deliberately expressed as less

litotes: not unexciting

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