Kemen

Living/non-livin parts in the environment

Popuplation in the ecoysytsem (living!)

-> Polpulation = group of individuals of one species living in a common location

Physical place where an organism finds conditions to survive (food, shelter, collaborative organisms)

A set of conditions (habitat, resources, relation with other species of the ecosystem) that enable an organism to grow

Acidic environments at or below pH3

Alkaline environments at a range og pH 9-14

High pressure, ususally at ocean floor from 200 to 1000 atm

Within rock crystals down to a depth of 3 km

High salt, typically above 2M NaCl

Extreme high temperature, above 80°C

Low carbon concentration, below 1 ppm

Low temperature, below 15°C

Moderately high temperature, 50°C-80°C

Desiccation, water activity below 0,8

Two organisms grow in an intimate species specific relationship in which both partner species benefit and may fail to grow independently

Both species benefit through growth but the partner are easily seperated and either partner can grow independently of the other

One species benefits while the partner species neither benefits nor is harmed

One species benefits by harming another, the realtionship is nonspecific

One species (the parasite) benefits at the expense of the other (the host). The relationship is usually obligatory for the parasite

Upper part of the water column in the ocean that recieves light for phototrophs

The vast majority of carbon transfer occurs among microbes

50% of bacterial biomass is degraded by viral lysis

Plankton are small floating organisms, including swimming microbes

Many arine protists are mixotrophs (producers & consumers in one)

• the seafloor supports psychrophiles & thermophiles

• All benthic microbes are barophiles (200 - 1000 atm pressure)

• High concentrations of sulfides have selected for mutualistisc interactions between invertebrates & H2S-oxidizing bacteria

Lakes may be oligitrophic or eutrophic

-> eutrophic lakes often do not support vertebrate life anymore

Freshwater lakes have stratified water levels & sediments

-> as depth increases, minerals become increasingly reduced

Soil particle support growth of complex assemblages of microbes, are important for microbial distribution

Fungi colonize the surface of the rootlet

Fungi invade root cells, forming arbuscules