Exam

1. US signs of acute calculose cholecystitis are: (more than one answer is possible)

a. thin wall

b. layered thickened wall

c. pericholecystic fluid

d. dilated ductus choledochus

2. Liver hemangioma ultrasound appearance: (more than one answer is possible)

a. Homogenous, hyperechoic lesion, usually under 3 cm in diameter

b. Large hemangiomas can be atypical, calcinates are found rarely

c. Smooth border, slightly lobulated or round shape.

d. all statements are correct

3. Is the statement correct? Liver metastases can be – hypoechoic, hyperechoic,

multiple count:

a. No

b. Yes

4. Is the statement correct? Hydronephrosis classification is following:

1. grade: slight hydronephrosis – slight collection system dilation

2. grade: mild hydronephrosis – major calyces dilation without parenchyma

reduction

3. grade: severe dilation with renal parenchyma reduction

4. grade urostāze – full reduction of renal parenchyma

a. No

b. Yes

5. Pyelonephritis ultrasound appearance can be:

a. In uncomplicated cases normal appearance

b. Focal ehogenicity changes – increase or decrease

c. Kidney enlargement with focal changes, which can simulate a mass

d. All answers are correct

6. Is the statement correct?

Thyroid nodule itself is not a sign of malignancy.

a. yes

b. no

7. Following signs give higher chance of malignancy in thyroid nodules (more than

one answer is possible)

a. Unsmooth border, without halo zone

b. Presence of calcifications, hypoechoic structure

c. Mostly solid structure, rapid growth

d. All answers are correct

8. Grave’s disease ultrasound signs can be: (more than one answer is possible)

a. Hypervascularisation

b. Gland enlargement

c. Decreased echogenicity

d. Nonhomogenous structure

e. All answers are correct

9. FAST protocol is used for:

a. Head trauma patient assessment

b. Polytrauma patient assessment

c. To diagnose fractures

10. Main goal of using FAST protocol:

a. To see if there is free fluid in abdominal cavity and/or pleural spaces and/or

pericardial space

b. To determine potentially fatal bleeding in stable polytrauma patient

c. To assess internal organ damage

d. A+B

e. A+B+C

11. Is a following statement correct:

To differentiate between bladder benign content and malignancy it is important to turn

the patient on one or another side

a. Yes

b. No

12. Common bile duct dilatation reason/-s could be:

a. Choledocholitiasis

b. Pancreatic head cancer

c. Papilla stricture

d. A+B

e. A+B+C

13. Simple liver cyst is:

a. Anechoic

b. It has dorsal acoustic enhancement

c. Border is smooth

b. A+B

d. A+B+C

e. None of the answers is correct

14. During abdominal ultrasound You find a cystic lesion, most probably arising from left ovary (no other pathologies). Your next step/suggestion:

a. Immediately call a surgeon

b. Suggest confirmation with gynecological ultrasound

c. CT scan

d. A+B

e. A+B+C

15. During abdominal ultrasound You see hypoechoic lesion in pancreatic head, ductus pancreaticus is 5 mm in diameter, common bile duct is 1,4 cm. Most probable diagnosis is:

a. Pancreatitis

b. Pancreatic head malignancy

c. Choledoholithiasis

16. Bosniak classification is used for:

a. Renal cysts

b. Liver cysts

c. Ovarian cysts

17. Thyroid nodule has a higher chance of malignancy if it is:

a. Hypoechoic

b. Isoechoid

c. Hyperechoic

18. Is a following statement correct: Normally we do not see unchanged parathyroid glands on US examination.

a. Yes

b. No

19. In case of acute pancreatitis, during US examination it is possible to see:

a. Peripancreatic fluid

b. Peripancreatic tissue infiltration

c. Inchomogeneous pancreas parenchyma

d. Normal pancreas

e. All answers are correct

20. During FAST, You will check following regions (multiple answers are possible)

a. Left pleural space

b. Right pleural space

c. Right subcostal space with Morison’s space

d. Space between spleen and left kidney

e. Small pelvis

f. All answers are correct

21. Is a following statement correct:

A small amount of free fluid in pelvic region, found during abdominal ultrasound of a fertile woman, is clinically acceptable:

a. Yes

b. No

22. During abdominal ultrasound in bladder You find an isoechoic intraluminal structure, probably attached to the wall of the bladder. On color doppler it shows good vascularisation. After turning patient to the other side, this strcture stays at the same

position. Most probably it is:

a. Kidney stone, which migrated to bladder

b. Bladder cancer

c. Bladder benign lesion

d. Cystitis

23. Breast nodule more likely is malignancy, if it has:

a. Irregular shape

b. Spiculated margin

c. Microlobulations

d. A+B

e. A+B+C+D

24. Is a following statement correct:

During thyroid gland ultrasound neck lymphnodes and salivary glands should be also

examined.

a. Yes

b. No

25. During ultrasound examination You see hypoechoic mass in left liver lobe, which

has indistinct border and has a halo zone around it. Most probably it is:

a. Liver cyst

b. Liver metastasis

c. Liver hemangioma

26. During abdominal ultrasound in asymptomatic patient (Woman 48 y.o.) intraluminally in gallbladder You find structures wich look like a hyperechoic line behind which there is an acoustic shadow. Most likely those are:

a. Gallbladder stones

b. Gallbladder carcinoma

c. Just an artefact

27. Is a following statement correct:

Thickened gallbladder wall can be also seen due to secondary reasons (e.g. ascitis, hepatitis)

a. Yes

b. No

28. Is a following statement correct:

Comet-tail artefact in thyroid nodules is seen in benign nodules:

a. Yes

b. No

29. Hypoechoic mass with internal echoes in patient with previously diagnosed

pyelonephritis would suggest:

a. Malignancy

b. Renal abscess

c. Kidney stone

d. B+C

30. Enlarged thyroid gland with intense hypervascularisation on ultrasound examination in a female patient, who is lately very nervous, she has heart palpitations and is sweating hard, would suggest:

a. Grave’s disease

b. Hashimoto thyroiditis

c. Thyroid cancer

31. Woman (28 years of age) comes in to emergency departmen with pain in left hypogastrium. Pain started 4 hours ago. No other complains or chronic diseases. Laboratory results – normal. Last menses were a week ago. Ultrasound examination – without pathology. What could be a diagnosis?

a. Acute apendicitis

b. Acute urinary tract infection

c. Ovulation pain (Mittelschmerz)

d. Pelvic inflammatory disease

32. Which localisation is not checked during FAST examination?

a. Paricardial space

b. Bursa omentalis

c. Pleural spaces

d. Small pelvis

33. Is the statement correct?

During transabdominal US examination of woman (premenopausal age) You don’t see ovaries. It means that aditional examinations are necessary, because it can indicate

gynecologic pathology.

a. Yes

b. No

34. Normal kidney on US can be characterised with:

a. Smooth contour

b. Dilated calyces and pyelon

c. Normal thikness of parenchyma

d. Parenchyma is hypoechoic, medulla hyperechoic

e. Parenchyma is hyperechoic , medulla hypoechoic

f. A+B+C

g. A+C+D

h. B+C+E

35. During transabdominal US You see thick and hyperechoic endometrium. Which

statement is correct?

a. It is normal condition

b. Endometrium corresponds to luteal (secretory) phase

c. Corresponds to pathology, gynecologic US should be done

d. A+B

e. A+B+C

36. Most often mistake which is not allowing to visualise kidney?

a. US probe is put to ventrally on the abdomen.

b. Patient is not asked to hold breath

c. Inappropriate probe

37. TIRADS 3 nodule corresponds to:

a. Definitely malignant

b. Probably benign

c. Definitely benign

38. Young patient (23 years of age) comes to abdominal US examination. No complains. Spleen siz is 11,3 x 4,7 cm. Does it correspond to normal size?

a. Yes

b. No

39. During thyroid examination dorsally from left lobe You see round shaped structure.

It could be:

a. Esophagus

b. Thyroid nodule

c. Paratadenoma

d. Lymph node

e. All mentioned

40. Anechoid cystic structures in cervix uteri most probably are:

a. Metastases

b. Nabothi cysts

c. Cervial cancer

d. Artefact

41. Thyroid examination classically is done with:

a. low frequency probe

b. high frequency probe

c. there is no difference

42. Dilated calices and pyelon can be due to:

a. Kidney stones in ureter

b. Bladder malignancy near ureter ostium

c. Urotelial carcinoma

d. All mentioned

43. US transducer movements include:

a. Tilting

b. Craniocaudal or laterolateral sliding

c. Rotation

d. All mentioned

44. US image artefacts are:

a. Dorsal enhancement

b. Mirror artefact

c. Reverberation artefact

d. Acoustic shadow

e. All mentioned

45. On the image You see:

a. Right kidney

b. Part of the liver

c. Free fluid in Morissons pouch

d. Left kidney

46. The structure indicated with arrow is:

a. Thyroid gland

b. Lumen of trachea

c. Esophagus

d. Lymph nodes

47. On the indicated region You see:

a. Mirror artefact

b. Acoustic shadow

c. Reverberation artefact

48.Small pelvis organ US examination. Structure on the image is:

a. Normal ovary with multiple follicules

b. Cystic malignant lesion in the small pelvis

c. Benign ovary lesion

49.Which of mentioned describes the structure on the image:

a. Well defined border

b. Smooth contour

c. Anechoic

d. With dorsal enchancement

e. All mentioned

50. On the image You see gallbladder in transverse plane. Thickness of the wall is 8 mm.

What else corresponds to the image:

a. Gallbladder wall has layers

b. In the lumen there is stone with acoustic shadow

c. Gallbladder looks normal

d. Image could correspond to acute calculose cholecystitis.

e. A+B+D