Treatment

• Indication: women with endometrial cancer who are postmenopausal, perimenopausal, or do not intend to become pregnant

• Procedures

  • Total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (TAH/BSO) with or without lymph node removal

  • Advanced radical hysterectomy and removal of the upper vagina according to Wertheim-Meigs additional

• Progestins: Indicated for women with early stage endometrial carcinoma (well-differentiated and progesterone and estrogen receptor positive) , who would prefer to avoid TAH-BSO and preserve fertility, or as adjuvant therapy

• Radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy (adjuvant or palliative)

• An accumulation of pus in the uterine cavity

• Caused by infection resulting from obstruction of the cervical opening by the tumor and secondary blood stasis (hematometra)

• Can develop in patients with duplication of the cervix or as an uncommon complication of gynecological malignancy

• Presented with purulent vaginal discharge, lower abdominal pain, and enlarged uterus

• Diagnosed by imaging studies (e.g., abdominal ultrasound or CT scan)

• Treated with drainage and dilation of the cervical lumen

• Endometrial cancer has the 2nd best prognosis (after cervical cancer) of all gynecological cancers in the US.

• Cancer stage at diagnosis determines the 5-year survival rate:

  • Localized endometrial carcinoma: > 90 %

  • Metastasized endometrial cancer: 16.8 %

• Death rate: 4.9 per 100,000 women per year

• Types of endometrial carcinomas that are well-differentiated and possess estrogen receptors (type I) have a more favorable prognosis.

• Clear cell and papillary serous carcinomas (type II) have an aggressive course and a poor prognosis.

To remember the prognoses of gynecological cancers, think of “CEOs (Cervical, Endometrial, Ovarian cancers) progressively decline.