Treatment

• Rapid reduction of the core body temperature to 39°C (102.2°F)

  • Immersion in ice water (most effective cooling modality) [7]

  • Cooling by spraying water

  • Fanning

  • Cold IV crystalloids

• Rehydration

• Electrolyte imbalance treatment

Antipyretics (e.g., acetaminophen and other NSAIDs), which interrupt the change in the hypothalamic setpoint caused by pyrogens in fever, are not effective in heatstroke and may even be harmful due to the risk of bleeding.

• Limit strenuous physical activity, alcohol intake, and use of medications and drugs that interfere with heat dissipation in hot environments.

• Ensure adequate hydration and sufficient breaks for cooling off.