Grammar

Form:

I work / he works

I don’t work / he doesn’t work

Do you work? yes, i do / no, i don’t

Gebrauch:

-Feststehende Tatsachen -> Factories need energy

-Gewohnheiten -> I usually leave the house at 7 o’clock

-Regelmässige Vorgänge -> The boss gets a daily report

-Berufsangaben -> My partner works for Microsoft

-Hobbys und Freizeit -> He plays tennis

-Gefühle und Meinungen -> I like the idea. What do you think?

Signalwörter:

Ausdrücke der Häufigkeit -> always, usually, normally, often, every week usw.

Uhr- und Tageszeiten -> at six o’clock, in the morning, before/after work

Wochentage, Monate -> on Monday(s), on weekends, at the weekend, in June

Jahreszeiten, Feste -> in the summer, at Easter, before Christmas

Form:

I’m speaking / he’s speaking

I’m not speaking / he isn’t speaking

Are you speaking? yes, i am (he is) / no, i’m not (he isn’t)

Gebrauch:

Momentanes Geschehen -> We’re waiting for you / Tony is just parking the car

Unterbrochenes Geschehen -> How is your meeting going?

Vorübergehende Situation -> She’s working in Berlin this week

Langfristige Entwicklung (noch im Gange) -> I’m learning Chinese

Für die Zukunft geplantes Vorhaben -> They are meeting again in Paris on 10th June

Signalwörter:

Ausdrücke für “jetzt” -> now, at the moment, just

und für nicht abgeschlossene Zeiträume -> today, this week, this yea this summer, still

From:

I was new and they were experts

We worked hard yesterday / I stayed in a new hotel -> regelmässige Verben

We took a taxi / I forgot to tell you -> unregelmässige Verben

I wasn’t here yesterday / They weren’t happy / They didn’t come yesterday

Were you here? / Where did you go?

Gebrauch:

Abgeschlossene Ereignisse und Zustände

Signalwörter:

Zeitpunkt oder Zeitraum der abgeschlossenen Vergangenheit -> yesterday, last week, last month, last Tuesday, tho hours ago, ten years ago / What time? When? in 2009, in April

From:

When the boss walked in, I was imitating him, and Ed and Max were laughing

i wasn’t running, We weren’t running

Were you travelling? - Yex, I was

Were many people waiting? - No, they weren’t

Gebrauch:

zu einem Zeitpunkt in der Vergangenheit begriffen, nicht abgeschlossen war, (vorübergehend) andauerte

Gerade abgelaufenes Geschehen -> It was raining when I left the office

Vorübergehende Situation -> I was working from home that week

Längerfristige Entwicklung (noch nicht abgeschlossen) -> The Chinese markes was expanding

Andauernde Handlung -> You were in the cellar for two hours. What were you doing all that time? - I was trying zto find an old document.

Vergleich zu einfacher Form

->Hintergrundsituation = Verlaufsform, neues Geschehen = einfache Form:

We were driving to the airport when I got a text message from the office

I was standing at reception when a colleague walked in

From:

The business has moved / They’ve bought a new car

I’ve booked / She has arrived / They have sent / The price has fallen

I haven’t asked Mr. Li yet / There hasn’t been an opportunity

Have you eaten? - Yes, I have / No, i haven’t

Has Ed come? - Yes, he has / No, he hasn’t

Gebrauch:

Etwas - irgendwann - in der Zeit bis jetzt geschen. Zeitpunkt entweder unwichtig oder unbekannt; Tatsache DASS etwas geschehen ist. Wird Zeitpunkt genannt darf Present perfect nicht verwendet werden.

Signalwörter:

die ganze Zeit bis jetzt -> already, yet / before, so far, always, ever, never, not yet

die (aller)letzte Zeit -> just, recently, lately

Present simple (am/is/are + past participle)

Aktiv -> Someone cleans the office every day.

Passiv -> The office is cleaned every day.

Past simple (was/were + past participle)

Aktiv -> Someone cleaned the office yesterday

Passiv -> The office was cleaned yesterday

Present perfect (have/has been + past participle)

Aktiv -> Someone has cleaned the office. It looks nice.

Passiv -> The office has been cleaned. It looks nice.

Present continuous (am/is/are being + past participle)

Aktiv -> Someone is cleaning the office. We can’t go in.

Passiv -> The office is being cleaned. We can’t go in.

Modal verbs (may/might/should be + past participle)

Aktiv -> Someone will clean the office tomorrow.

Passiv -> The office will be cleaned tomorrow.

Future going to (am/is/are going to be + past participle)

Aktiv -> Someone is going to clean the office.

Passiv -> The office is going to be cleaned.