Abnormal protrusion of an intra abdominal contents through a defect in the abdominal wall

CONGENITAL DEVELOPMENTAL

DEFECT.

1) failure of fascial opening to close

[umbilical]

2) failure of process to obliterate

[processus vaginalis]

3) abnormal collagen metabolism

genetic defect of the Elastic fiber and

Collagen synthesis

ACQUIRED WEAKNESS

1) facial thinning \ loss of tissue strength and elasticity

Aging or repetitive stress

2) loss of tissue

[injury / infection / poor wound healing ]

3) prolonged or sever increased abdominal pressure

[heavy lifting / COPD / BPH / ascitis]

1. The contents

2. The sac

3.The covering (بيعتمد على نوعها )

1.Anatomical classification :

* Groin hernia: inguinal, femoral

* Ventral hernia: Umbilical, paraumbilical, epigastric, incisional

* Posterior wall hernia :lumber hernia

* Pelvic hernia : sciatic hernia ,obturator hernia

2 . Clinical classification :

* simple hernia

* complicated hernia:

- obstructed,

- strangulated

1. Incarcerated hernia

2. Obstructed

3. Strangulated hernia

4. Inflamed hernia

5. Sliding hernia

6. Epigastric hernia

7. Richter’s hernia

8. Littre’s hernia

9. maydl hernia :known as a hernia in “W”