3. Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus :

• related to insulin

• a leak of pancreatic function

Diabetes insipidus:

• related to vasopressin (ADH hormon)

• related to the function of the hypertalamus

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The key difference between the two types is that, whereas exocrine glands secrete substances into a ductal system to an epithelial surface, endocrine glands secrete products directly into the bloodstream.

• Glandular organ, that is part of the digestive system

• Located in the abdominal cavity behind the stomach

• Function as both endocrine & endocrine

High glucose:

• elicits release of insulin

• speeds up uptake of glucose by tissues and favours storage as glycogen & triglycerols

Low glucose:

• triggers release of glucagon

• shifts metabolism to liver and muscles, and promotes release of glucose from stored glycogen

Two main types

Type I : Insulin dependent Diabetes Mellitus

• failure of pancreas to produce insulin

• Total dependent on exogenous insulin

Type II: Non Insulin dependent diabetes Mellitus:

• inability to respond to insulin

• impaired insulin secretion

• Treatment : exercise, medication

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Glycated hemoglobin, also known as HbA1c, glycohemoglobin, hemoglobin A1c, A1C, is a form of hemoglobin (Hb) that is chemically linked to a sugar.

New Therapy for Type 1 diabetes

In type 1 diabetes, the body’s immune system attacks the part of the pancreas that produces insulin, so you can’t produce insulin anymore

• Teplizumab is a new monoclonal antibody that

• teplizumab, scientists made an antibody that’s programmed to hunt down and weaken the killer immune cells responsible for destroying insulin-making beta cells in type 1 diabetes