Prognosis

In patients without organ failure: < 1%

In patients with organ failure: ∼ 30%

Higher mortality in patients with biliary pancreatitis than in patients with alcohol-induced pancreatitis

Age > 55

Gastrointestinal bleeding

Fall in Hct within 48 hours s

Hypocalcemia and/or hyperglycemia

Inflammatory markers: ↑↑ CRP, ↑ IL-6, ↑ IL-8

Evidence of shock and/or organ failure

• ↑ AST, ↑ ALT

• ↑ BUN, creatinine

• ↑ LDH

• ABG: pO2 < 60 mm Hg, metabolic acidosis with a base deficit > 4 mmol/L

CT findings: pancreatic edema, peripancreatic fluid collection, and/or necrosis of > 33% of the pancreas