Scientific Name List

1. Oryza sativa

2. Triticum aestivum

3. Vigna radiata

4. Cicer arietinum

5. Zingiber officinale

6. Cuminum cyminum

7. Camellia sinensis

8. Coffea arabica

9. Cinchona officinalis

10. Azadirachta indica

11. Cephalelis ipecacuanha

12. Adhatoda vasica

13. Brassica nigra/Brassica juncea

14. Arachis hypogaea

15. Cocos nucifera

16. Solanum tuberosum

17. Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus

18. Lagenaria siceraria

19. Brassica oleracea

20. Gossypium hirsutum

21. Corchorus capsularis

22. Tectona grandis

23. Shorea robusta

24. Mangifera indica

25. Malus domestica

26. Saccharum officinarum

Rice

Oryza sativa

Poaceae

Seed/grain

Endosperm of grain, fruit caryopsis and stem or straw

• Uses

  • Food products are prepared like fried rice. Because it contains decent amounts of fibre. Primary source of energy for over half of the world's people.

  • Paddy husk as fuel,

  • bran Used as animal feed.

  • Rice bran oil is used in the preparation of soaps and cosmetics.

  • Rice straw is used to make straw boards, paper, mats and thatch for thatching houses.

Wheat

Triticum aestivum

Poaceae

Kernel

• Uses

  • Wheat is the second major food grain in India. Wheat produces semolina, flour which are used in the preparation of various food products, such as bread, biscuits, cakes, chapati.

  • Beer and alcoholic beverages are made from wheat.

  • Wheat straw chairs, mattresses, cattle bedding, padding, cattle fodder, thatch shelters and fragile articles

  • (iv) straw’s Pulp parts are used to prepare paper, board etc. It is used in packing and furfuryl alcohol is produced from it.

Sugarcane

Saccharum officinarum

Poaceae

Stem

• Uses

  • The juice obtained from the stem of sugarcane is consumed as a drink.

  • Sugar, gur, khand-sari etc. are prepared from sugarcane juice. Sugar, molasses made from this juice is used as a sweetener to sweeten foods and beverages and is widely used in the confectionery industry.

  • Molasses is obtained as a by-product during the preparation of sugar and molasses from sugarcane juice.

  • Sugarcane stalks are used as fuel after extraction of juice.

Mong

Vigna radiata

Fabceae

Seed

• Uses

  • The small ovoid seeds are highly nutritious and the immature green pods are also eaten. The seeds are cooked and eaten as pulses. It is a good source of protein. In many cases fried snacks are eaten as snacks.

  • The seeds are used in vertigo and mung juice has the power to cure poly-neuritis. A decoction of the seeds is effective in beri-beri disease

  • Delicious food products like Chanachur are made.

  • The plant is used as fodder and as hay or dry fodder.

Gram

Cicer arietinum

Fabceae

Seed

• Uses

  • All grains are removed from the seed coat and halved and cooked as pulses.

  • The flour produced by grinding pulses is known as basan, from which various food products are made, such as bread, sweets etc.

  • Whole grains are eaten raw, roasted or boiled.

  • Chickpea is used as animal fodder and as nutritive fodder for horses.

  • Sprouted gram is beneficial in scurvy.

  • Chickpea as a nutritious protein adjunct pulse to accompany white diets.

Cotton

Gossypium hirsutum

Malvaceae

Fiber, Seed

• Uses

  • The fibers of the seeds are used in the textile industry for weaving various textile fabrics, rubber-type fabrics etc. Again in many cases it is mixed with wool or other fabrics.

  • Unspun cotton is used for making cushions, pillows, mattresses, mattresses. Also used as the theory of rubber tires.

  • Absorbent cotton being pure cellulose is used as raw material in cellulose industry.

  • Decoction of leaves is applied specially in fever, dysentery.

  • The root is used as a diuretic and in leucorrhoea.

  • (vi) Cotton seed oil is used in making soap, Vanaspati.

  • (vii) The roots and leaves of the tree are used for making paper.

Jute

Corchorus capsularis

Malvaceae

Fiber

• Uses

  • (i) Jute made from the bark of the jute plant produces coarse and fine fabrics. Different types of sacks or pouches are prepared from this jute cloth.

  • (ii) Carpets, rugs, curtain fabrics, artificial silks and various types of fancy textiles are prepared from high quality jute yarn. Ropes are made by twisting the theories of jute.

  • (iii) The pulp and stems are used in the paper industry. Jute stalks (stems) obtained after jute cuttings are used as fuel. Also, jute is used to make bean burros.

  • (iv) Jute leaves are cooked and eaten as vegetable.

  • (v) Leaves are used as diuretic, laxative, tonic and carminative. Also, it is used in dyspepsia, dyspepsia, and liver disorders.

  • (vi) Oil extracted from the seeds of the jute plant used in the preparation of soaps, paints, varnishes.

Tea

Camellia sinensis

Theaceae

Leaf

Tannin, theacrine

• Uses

  • Tea leaves are used as a stimulant drink. It is used to relieve body fatigue and as a nerve stimulant.

  • Tannin obtained from tea leaves is used to tan leather. Tea leaves contain vitamin B-complex.

  • Tea leaves are used as green manure.

  • Fight off inflammation, and even ward off cancer and heart disease.

Coffee

Coffea arabica

Rubiaceae

Seed

Caffeine

• Uses

  • Volatile oil is responsible for aroma. The seeds are used as a stimulant drink.

  • Coffee beans contain a stimulant called caffeine. The seeds are roasted and ground into powder. This powder is steeped in hot water to create a stimulating, aromatic drink.

  • increase alertness and thinking skills

Ginger

Zingiber officinale

Zingiberaceae

Gingerol

Rhizome

• Uses

  • (i) Ginger is more used as a condiment than a spice. The smell of ginger is due to the presence of essential oil. Pungent taste is due to presence of carminative and digestive stimulant. remains

  • (ii) The essential oil obtained from the dry rhizome helps in flavoring food products. Rhizomes are used as a flavoring agent with herbal properties and in cooking.

  • (iii) Ginger is used in the preparation of popular aromatic beverages, such as ginger beer and ginger malt.

Cumin

Cuminum cyminum

Apiaceae

Seed

• Uses

  • Aromatic fruits are essential as spices in almost all curry preparations. Also, fruits are used in the preparation of soup, cake, bread, cheese.

  • Used as an ingredient in the preparation of curry powders and pickles.

  • The result is an essential oil, which is a mixture of cymol, cuminol and other hydrocarbons. Both the fruit and the oil have carminative properties. It is used as astringent, stimulant, stomachic and aromatic.

Cinchona

Cinchona officinalis

Rubiaceae

quinine, cinchonine

Bark

• Uses

  • Quinine is an extract from the bark of the cinchona tree, which is effective in malaria. Quinine is a very bitter, white, granular substance.

  • Apart from malaria, it is a valuable tonic, antiseptic and other febrifuge.

  • Besides quinine, others obtained from the bark of cinchona tree - cinchonidine, cinchonine, quinidine etc. which are useful in medicine.

  • It is used as an analgesic in splenomegaly, whooping cough and hemorrhoids.

    is used

Neem

Azadirachta indica

Meliaceae

Nimbin

leaves, flowers, seeds, fruits, roots and bark

• Uses

  • Neem leaf is used for leprosy, eye disorders, bloody nose, intestinal worms, stomach upset, loss of appetite, skin ulcers, cardiovascular disease, fever, diabetes, gingivitis and liver problems. The bark is used for malaria, stomach and intestinal ulcers, skin diseases, pain, and fever.

  • The flower is used for reducing bile and treating intestinal worms.

  • The fruit is used for hemorrhoids, intestinal worms, urinary tract disorders, bloody nose, eye disorders, diabetes, wounds, and leprosy.

  • Neem twigs are used for cough, asthma, hemorrhoids and diabetes.

  • The seed and seed oil are used for leprosy and intestinal worms. The stem, root bark, and fruit are used as a tonic and astringent. Can be used as a mosquito repellent.

Ipecac

Cephalelis ipecacuanha

Rubiaceae

Emetine

Roots

• Uses

  • Used as a remedy for dysentery. Ipecac has been widely used as a potent and effective emetic. Emetine, derived from the root, has been used for more than a century to treat dysentery.

  • emergency treatment of certain kinds of poisoning

  • used for croup, severe diarrhea, and cancer

Vasaka

Adhatoda vasica

Acanthaceae

Vasicine

Leaf, flowers and bark

• Uses

  • Used for treating bronchitis, asthma and dental ailments. It relieves cough and breathlessness. Its local use gives relief in pyorrhoea and in bleeding gums.

  • malarial fever, chronic fever,

  • intrinsic hemorrhage,

  • cough and asthma, leprosy,

  • skin diseases and piles

Mustard

Brassica nigra

Brassicaceae

Seed

• Uses

  • Edible oil extracted from the seeds is used as cooking oil.

  • This oil is also used for lighting lamps.

  • This oil is used in the preparation of pickles and various delicacies like Chanachur, Bhujia etc.

  • Seeds are used in cooking as a spice.

  • Oilcake left after extraction of oil from seeds is used as cattle feed and manure.

Groundnut

Arachis hypogaea

Leguminosae

Seed

• Uses

  • The oil extracted from Chinese nut after being refined through filter is used in cooking, hydrogenated vanaspati (hydrogenated vanaspati), margarine (margarine) preparation, low grade oil soap (soap), and toilet products. , used in lubricants and fuels.

  • Oilcake as cattle feed and manure

    is used as

  • Seeds are eaten raw or roasted with spices, Chanachur etc. are used in savory food preparations, cooking, curries or various vegetable dishes. The seeds are rich in vitamins A, B and protein.

  • Also some commercial products, such as groundnut milk, peanut ice-cream, peanut massage oil (in case of paralysis) are used in the preparation of these peanuts. is

Coconut

Cocos nucifera

Arecaceae

Flower, fruit

• Uses

  • The refined oil extracted from the seed shell is edible and is used in the preparation of food products such as confectionary. Unrefined oil is used for cooking in Kerala. Used in confectionery and candy bars, soap, cosmetics, shaving cream, shampoo and cosmetics, lighting lamps and marine soap and as a scalp oil. is The dry sap of the coconut is known as copra.

  • The residue or oil cake is used as cattle feed and as fertilizer.

  • Canned water is actually a liquid endosperm used as a cold drink.

  • Hookah shells, toys, buttons etc. are made from hard beads and also used as fuel.

  • The fibrous mesocarp of the fruit is made into ropes, mattresses, carpets and used as fuel. This intermediate part is known as coir.

  • The stiff midvein of the leaf is used as a cutting stick.

Potato

Solanum tuberosum

Solanaceae

Tubers

• Uses

  • (i) Potato or tuber is eaten variously as a vegetable, often boiled or fried.

  • (ii) Small potatoes are used for starch and industrial alcohol.

  • (iii) Potatoes are also fed to domestic animals.

  • (iv) “Potato chips” are prepared from fresh potatoes, which are especially popular in South India. Again as “Katri” and “patri” widely used in Maharashtra and Gujarat.

  • (v) Potato is one of the foods rich in potassium.

  • (vi) Applying mashed potatoes into a paste and applying them on the burnt area is beneficial.

Radish

Raphanus sativus

Brassicaceae

Taproot, entire plant as leaf vegetable

• Uses

  • The modified main root, leaves and fruits are eaten in various ways as vegetables. It is also eaten raw or cooked with other vegetables.

    (i) Radish is used as a diuretic in urinary disorders and also in piles or piles.

    (i) Taka leaf juice is used as diuretic and laxative.

    (iv) The seeds yield a fatty oil, which is used in soap-making, for food and for fuel.

    (v) Seed cake prepared from seeds is used as manure.

Bottle Gourd

Lagenaria siceraria

Cucurbitaceae

Fruit

• Uses

  • Bottle gourd is a vegetable high on water and is a rich source of vitamin C, K and calcium.

  • It helps in maintaining a healthy heart and brings down bad cholesterol levels

  • The juice is also beneficial for diabetic patients

  • it stabilizes the blood sugar level and maintains blood pressure.

Cabbage

Brassica oleracea

Brassicaceae

Vegetative buds

• Uses

  • help the liver remove toxins from the body

  • good source of Vitamin K,

  • it may help in the process of blood clotting.

  • Cabbage is rich in fibre, and may help in better digestion and bowel movements.

Teak

Tectona grandis

Lamiaceae

Wood

• Uses

  • (i) Various general and fancy doors, windows, furniture, such as chairs, tables, beds, cupboards, cabinets, poles, beams, stair cases, floors and roots from teak wood. etc. are made.

    
    

  • (i) Specially useful in preparing boats, ships, wagons and other articles, decking etc.

    
    

  • (ii) Teak products are used in chemical industry and laboratory bench-tops, vats for storing corrosive liquids in ships and for storage of vegetable oils, fruit syrups etc.

    
    

  • (iv) Teak wood is used for making sound-boards of musical instruments and various grades of plywood.

    (plywood) for preparation.

  • (v) Dry leaves are used for fuel.

Sal

Shorea robusta

Dipterocarpaceae

Wood

• Uses

  • (i) Sal wood is used for door and window frames, bridge railings, beams, electric and telephone poles, railway sleepers, floors, mines and bridge works, wagons.

    (i) Also, this wood is used for agricultural implements, tool handles, tent poles, piling, liquid storage vats, hubs of wheels for cattle and buffaloes. , also used in making dug-out boats, rafters etc.

    (ii) Small eating plates are made from the leaves of the sal plant and in many cases used as fuel. (iv) The white, aromatic, transparent resin known as “Laldhuna” is used as incense by tapping the sal tree.

  • treatment of various ailments such as circulatory, digestive, endocrine, respiratory and skeletal systems as well as in infectious diseases

Mango

Mangifera indica

Anacardiaceae

Fruit

• Uses

  • (i) Ripe mango pods are very tasty, aromatic and sweet and are highly valued as fruits.

    (ii) Food products like mango juice and squash, jam and jellies, murabba and ampapur are prepared from the ripe fruit.

    (iii) Ripe fruit is the main source of vitamins A and C and is used in heat induced apoplexy. As mangoes ripen, their acidity gradually decreases.

    (iv) Ripe fruits are considered refreshing and invigorating. Aromatic mixed with mango juice is also used as an invigorating tonic.

    (iv) Unripe and other fruits are generally acidic and are used to make pickles, chutneys, amchur and resinous foods.

Apple

Malus domestica

Rosaceae

Fruit

• Uses

  • Apples lower risk of many major diseases, including diabetes and cancer.

  • Its soluble fiber content may promote weight loss and gut health

  • brain health