ATC

19 members appointed by the ICAO council

—> considers and recommends Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) and Procedures for Air Navigation (PANS) for adoption or approval by the ICAO council.

AIR TRAFFIC SERVICE

• air traffic control service (avoidacne of collission and speedy, orderly and econmical handling of the airtraffic)

  • Area control service: provision of air traffic control service for controlled flights

  • approach control service: provision of air traffic control service for the parts of the flight associated with arrival and departure

  • Aerodrome ocntrol service: provision of air traffic control serice for aerodrome traffic

• flight information service

  • enables aircrews with advice and (traffic) information

• alerting service provided by FIC and ATS

  • shall be provided to

    • all aircraft provided with air traffic control service

    • in so far as practiable, to alle other aircraft having filed a flight plan or otherwise know to ATS

    • any aircraft know or believed to be the subect of unlawful intereference

ATS unit

• Air Traffic Control units

• Flight Information Centres

• Air Service reporting office

use height above aerodrome except when … use height above threshold:

> for instrument RWYs, if the threshold is 2m (7ft) or more below the aerodrome elevation

> for precision approach runways

Control Area:

a controlled airspace extending upwards from a specified limit above the earth

area -> above

Control Zone

a controlled airspace extending upwards from the surface of the earth to a specified upper limit

zone -> zurface

horizontal dimension: 5NM in direction from which approaches may be made

also ATC

Marking for non prec approaches (?)

-> a rwy designation sighn shall be located on each side of teh runway holding position marking

Category A,B

6m

Category C,D

7

Category DL

8 meters

phone number 4565 233

immer 3 minuten außer NTZ - 760m, dann 2min??

1. Freedom of the Air

peaceful transit:

the right or privelege, to fly across county’s territory without landing

1. Freedom of the Air

land in the other’s state territory for non traffic purposes

(e.g. for refueling, repair etc.)

1. Freedom of the Air

the right.. in respect to scheduled international air services, granted by one state to another, to put down, in the territory of the first State, traffic coming from the home State of the carrier.

1. Freedom of the Air

the right.. in respect to scheduled international air services, granted by one state to another, to take on, in the territory o fthe first State, traffic destined for the home State of the carrier.

1. Freedom of the Air

he right.. in respect to scheduled international air services, granted by one state to another, to put down or take on, in the territory of the first State, traffic coming from or destined to a third State.

rules of the air

• steady green - cleared for takeoff

• steady red - stop

• series of green flashes - cleared to taxi

• series of red falshes - taxi clear of landing area in use

• series of white flashes - return to the starting point of the aerodrome

turning: 10km

• straight flight is assumed until 120m / 400ft

straight: 20km (no course change of more than 15)

Turning has one T

Straight has two T

• independent/dependent parallel approaches may be conducted using any combinatin of three dim. instrument approaches

• dependent parallel approaches: radar separation

  • KEINE NTZ

  • Radar separation durch den controller bezogen auf wake turbulence etc.

  • missed approach track mindestens 30degr diverging track

  • muss mindestens precision approach capability haben oder MLS

  • supported by radar

• independent parallel approaches: no radar separation

  • aber NTZ darf nicht berührt werden durch die Flieger

  • sonst alles egal

  • monitored by radar

• independent parallel departures:

  • aircraft are departing in the same direction from parallel RWY simulateneously

ICAO Doc 9643

a lower limit of a control area shall be establshd at a height of not less than 200m / 700ft

AIP supplements

red fixed like lava on the ground

high intensity obstacles: flashing white like the stars above

incident: contained engine failure

• to low fuel -> emergency

serious incident: uncontained engine failure

Accident: engines detached

• a eprson fatally ot seriously injured as a result of

  • being in an aircaft

  • direct contact with any parts of the aircract

  • direct exposure to jetblast

• direction of flight of aircraft concerned

• type and wakre turbulence category

• curising level of aircraft concerned

• and

  • estimated time over reporting point nearest to where level will be crossed

  • relative bearing of the a/c concerned and distance from the conflicting traffic

  • actual or estimated position of the aircraft

2014: occurence reporting

Annex 1: Personnel Licensing

Annex 2: Rules of the Air

VFR: .. increment 500

IFR: .. increment 000

5%

or 10kt

and/or time estimate differs by more than 2 min

• … it is the lowest altitude (OCA), or the lowest heigt above the elevation of the reelvant rwy threshold (OCH), at which a misssed approach shalle be initiated to ensure compliance with the appropriate clearance criteria

• precission approach

  • OCH is always referenced to the threshold elevation

• non precission approach

  • OCH / altitude referred to the ARP except if the threshold elevation is more than 7ft / 2m below ARP elevation

• OCA lowest altitude, or OCH lowest height above the aerodrome elevation or the elevation of the runway threshold, if the thereshold elevation is more than 2m (7ft) below the aerodrome elvation, below which the a/c cannot descend without infringing the obstacle celarance criteria

• in a visual (circling) procedure, the lowest altitude (OCA) or alternatively the lowest height above the aerodrome elevation (OCH) below which an aircraft cannot descend without infringing the appropriate obstacle clearance criteria.

primary

secondary area

on airways and SID / STAR etc.

grade aus los fliegen und der Lotse vektored einen dann wo hin; bspw fly RWY track

-> no track guidance

Restrictions of omnidirectional departures

• sectors to be avoided with no nav aids

• sectors in which minimum gradients and/or minimum altitude to ensure the aircraft saftey

SID -> vorgefertigter Weg, der wird abgeflogen

-> track guidance

+/- 2,4 degrees

VOR: horizontal distance in both cases 15NM

• 15 degrees

NDB: 15NM..

• 30 degrees

• 4NM

• 20kt max speed adjustment

420

Incerfa (uncertainty phase)

30 minutes

alerfa (altering phase) aprehension

5min

-> ab hier immediately alert search and rescue units!!!

Detresfa (detress phase)

fuel exhausted

Dokumente mit wichitgen Infos wie NOTAMS

proceed to a level which differs from the cruising lievel normally used for IFR flights

by 1000ft above FL290

by 500ft below FL290

if in non RVSM airspace

Hard Law

• basic regulations

• delegated acts

• implementing acts

• implementing rules

—> are the laws that EASA proposes, but that have to the European Parliament/Commission to be finally accepted.

Soft Law

• certification specificaton

  • not binding technical standards

  • “They are non binding technical standards, adopted by EASA, to meet the essential requirements of the basic regulation.”

• acceptable mans of compliance

• guidance material

—> supporting amterial that the organisations have to comply to together with the regulations.

—> published directly by EASA, without having to go through the European Parliament

• steady green: cleared to land

• steady red: give way to other aircraft and continue circling

• Series of green flashes: return for landing

• series of red flashes: aerodrome unsafe, do not land

• series of white flashes: land at this aerodrome and proceed to the apron

• Red pyrothenic: not withstanding any previous instructions, do not land for the time being

• display navigation lights from sunset to sunrise or during any other period perscribed by the appropriate authority

100 NM

> the roules of the air, of the region the aircraft is registered in —> Italian aircraft -> rules of the air of EASA (SERA)

to the extend that they do not conflicht with the rules of the country being overflown

> 12NM or more away from the nearest island: high seas

—> the regulations in ICAO Annex 2 apply

if for instance above high seas but withi airspace that Lybia controls -> the rules of the air of Lybia should be followed to the extent that they do not conflict with the rules if ICAO annex 2

+/- 5 degrees on either side of the sector boundaries

in diesem Bereich, mindest 1000ft über dem höchsten Punkt

Non precission approach:

definiert durch eine Distanz

—> definitonspunkt; spätetens hier Go around

Precission Approach

Punkt an dem descent track die DH durchschreitet

• one minute at or below 14.000

• one and a half minutes if above 14000ft or leg length might be specified in terms of distance instead of time

visual approach:

man wird zum Flughafen hingeführt, und führt den Anflug visually zu ende

circling approach:

Instrumentenanflug für die Gegenrichtung

an nem definierten Punkt wird visually die Gegenrichtung angeflogen

man muss mindestens “the RWY environemnt, including threshold and approach lighting aids sehen” nicht nur ground

-> normalerweise nicht published

down

• 45 degrees

• independent parallel approaches 30 degrees

• dependent 15???

• 30 degrees

• 1NM

• 2NM

Maneuvering Area + Apron

Maneuvering Area

part of an aerodrome to be used for the takeoff, landing and taxiing without aprons

28 days

Aeronautical Information circular yearly

links kurve weg und dann rechts kurve (siehe Bild)

-> tracks are reciprocal

auch umdrehen aber nicht auf dem gleichen Track outbound

• after departure

  continuation of the flight to the destination aerodrome in accordance with the flight plan. Pilots may expect to comply with specific restrictions.

• before departure

  …

  …

  …plan to proceed to the the nearest suitable aerodrome where repair can be carried out.

exp. approach time:

-> holding fliegen müssen, ATC expects that an aircraft, following a delay, will leave the holding fix to complete its approach for landing

Expected time of arrival

wann man am IAF ankommt (?)

• 15NM … at and below FL190 Z

• 22.5NM at and above FL200 Y

  
  

• Y is high .> the higher of both numbers

  
  

• Z zurfac… the lower of the numbers

  
  

Cessna 1(0)52

most critical geringster change…

Headwind component: 10

Crosswind component: 5

Tailwind component: 2

Speicher iPhones

12864(5)32

abcdefg

• White: administrative

• Yellow: ATC smokes lots-> yellow teeth

• Mave: danger area

• Green: maps and chartsx

RED -> blood -> medicine

BLUE -> water -> food and water

Jackets are YELLOW -> clothing

Number 5: I start my day at the SPA (specific approval)

Number 6: i study complex matter where my brain works best (non commercial operations with complex motor powered a/c)

Number 7: I do whatever that is not complex anymore, breakfast perhaps (non com. ops, other than complex motor aircraft)

Annex V, VI, VII EASA

SPA, complex, not complex

the council

low terrain:

500ft

high obstacles / cities:

1000ft

one RWY is used for departures, and one RWY is used for approaches

one RWY is exlusively used for either depatures/arrivals and the other RWY is used for both

all modes are possible

2008: saftey oversight

2010: investigations (exluding military)

2012: commercial / non commercial ops

2014: Reporting of occurences / the processing of such / follow up and dissemniation of safety information

2017: Air Nav services

SIC R N

Saftey 2008

Investigations 2010

Commercial / non commercial ops 2012

Reports of occurence 2014

Nav aids 2017

straight flight is resumed until reaching a height of at least 120m

turning departuers is a departure in which th einitial departure track deviates by more than 15dgr

Aeronautical Information Service

Element 1 (number)

highest value of the aeroplane reference field length for the aeroplane usage is intended for

Element 2 (Letter)

the greatest wingspan, or the greatest outer main gear wheel span

letters are wider than numbers!!!

> immer aktiv

> nur aktiv und muss frei gehalten werden bei CAT II/III

between two paved taxiways. It shall consist of markings.

• clear of clouds and with the surface in sight

• the flight visibility is not less than 1500m

• speeds below 140kts IAS

• ground visibility 1500m

• ceiling at least 600ft

only in control zone, subjected to ATC clearance

without special clearance Control Zone take off / Entrance

• 1500ft ceiling

• ground visibility > 5km

intermediate approach segment:

spped and configuration should be adjusted to prepare the aircraft for final approach

• non precission approach:

  straight in approach -> angle between final approach track and centre line is 30degr. or less

Arrrival segment

STAR permits transition from the neroute phase to the approach phase.

Initial approach segment

segment between initial approach fix and intermediate fix

Intermediate Approach Segment

• either end of the Initial approach segment

• between the end of a reversal, racetrack or dead reckoning track procedure and the final approach fix

Final Approach Segment

• that segment of an instrument approach procedure in which alignment and descent for landing are accomplished

ab wenn allignment zur RWY? eigl for final appr. segment

2 NM from touch down

Cleard 2 Land

Need 4 speed

<4NM short final

4-8NM long final

X -> medical assistence required

V -> request assistance

++ -> found some of the personal ++ still counting

LL -> Found all Personal -> ALL

LLL -> operation completed LLL -> lalala

Y -> affirmative Yes

N -> Negative

one letter

1 to 999

3 years

+/- 5,2 grad

• when no ATC instructions 2000

• when not receiving any ATC service at all 7000

0.25NM

1.25%

IPTANE

I IDENTIFICATION

P POSITION

T TIME

A ALTITUDE (*, außer initial call; can be omitted if continously available to controller)

N NEXT WAYPOINT (*)

E ENSUING POINTS (*)

Compulsory reporting point * can be omitted

Flight visibility under 3000ft / or 1000ft AGL may be reducesd to 1500m if

• speed of 140kt or less

• where low air traffic is present

• clear of ground and in sight of the ground

helicopter flight visibility can be reduced down to 800m

below 3000ft, the minimum flight visibility for IFR is generally 5km.

both uncontrolled airspaces -> no controlled flights

> advisory service only to IFR flights in F

> in G only flight infromation service to all aircraft

International Air Transport Assicitaiton

request pax

require the crew to

… as a commander

A procedure designed to enable the aircraft to reduce altitude during the initial approach segment and/or establish the aircraft ibound when the entry into a reversal proceudre is not practical

a turn executed by the aircraft during the initial approach between the end of the outbound track and the beginning of the intermediate or final approach track.

-> The tracks are not reciprocal.

reduces to 150m in the intermediate approach segment

3 NM

Runway End Saftey Area

Start at the end of the runway strip, min. 90m length

“A runway strip is defined as an area including the runway and a stopway, if provided…”

commuication Radio

navigation

air traffic servces provided in the airspace

Location Indicators GEN

SIGMET / Meteo GEN

Holding/Arr/Dep ENR

Danger/Restricted/Prohibted ENR

Refelling AD

Airport Lights AD

AIP

• ammendments

  permanent changes ti the AIP shall be published as AIP Amendments

• supplements

  temporary changes of long duration greater than 3 months, or short duration with extensive text

longitudinal: time

lateral: distance

radar separation

• maintain speed and level for 7min not heading

no radar separation

• maintain speed and level for 20min

2,5%

• wind direction changed by more than 60degrees

• mean wind speed changes by more than 10kt

• change of amount of clouds below 1500ft changes

• inset / end / change in intensity of

  • freezingprecipitation / fog

  • modeate/heavy precipitaion

  • thunderstorm

    
    

    
    

• <5700kg -> max. allowable a/c mass and max allowable tire pressure

• otherwise PCN/ACN

• yellow chevrons

• white crosses

• white arrows

state

safety of pax, crew, personell on ground, gen public

commander

land asap

GOA-IDE

“gops all ideas of everyone”

• general equipment

• op procedures

• aircraft performance and operating limitations

• instruments

• data and equipment

Class A

nur IFR

Class B

IFR / IFR

IFR / VFR

VFR / VFR

Class C

IFR / IFR

IFR / VFR

VFR / VFR information and advisory on request

Class D

IFR / IFR

IFR / VFR information and advisory on request

VFR / VFR information and advisory on request

Class E

IFR / IFR

IFR / VFR as far as practical

VFR / VFR as far as practical

Class F

IFR / IFR as far as practical

IFR / VFR nil

VFR / VFR nil

Class G

nil

glide path 2NM

Loc 1NM

18 - 23 students Number 1

23 - 30 young Number 2

30 - 45 regular Number 3

45 and above Number 4

APTFNE

All People Think Fat Nerdes Eat

Aircraft Identification

Position

Time

Flight level / altidude

Next position and time over

Ensuing significant waypoint

• simple approach lighting system

• precision approach lighting systen

  • CAT I

  • CAT II/III

specific approvals as outlined in A-M

non commercial ops with complex motor powered ac