intro - know hows

Primary production is defined as the uptake of inorganic carbon :

Primary production = mg or

mmol carbon / m 3 / day

A vertical profile of production measurements can be integrated to:

Primary production = mg carbon or

mmol / m 2 / day

1. geographic setting

2. bathymetry

3. ocean dyamics

4. biogeographic isolation and geological history

1. seasonal light and production regime

   1. seasonally pulsed pp

   2. permanent/periodic food shortage

   3. short summets

   4. high seasonality in radiation budget

2. three marine habitats: sympagic, pelagic, benthic

   1. cryo-pelagic-benthic coupling

1. increase gill lung size

2. reduce diffusion distance

3. enhance oxygen uptake capacity of respiratory proteins

4. conter-flow principle (gegenstromprinzip)

5. being small

6. low activity

7. enhanced capacity for anaerobic metabolism

1. increase respiratory

2. breath faster

3. low activity

1. reduce demand

   1. low activity

   2. metabolic suppression

2. move away

3. only temporarily use the low oxygen habitat

• Due to global warminhh

• lead to:

  • fixed N loss

  • enhanced N2O release

• decline / increase of poorly/highly adapted species

• omz protection for predators for species

stoke´s law

1. large particles sink faster (quadratic dependence)

   

2. denser particles sink faster (density difference to water is

   decisive!)

   

3. form resistance less important than size and density



laminar flow around particle



diffusive boundary layer



water sticks to cell



Viscous forces dominate



sinking velocity follows Stoke‘s law (Re 1

Navier-Stokes equation, in fluid mechanics, a partial differential equation that describes the flow of incompressible fluids. The equation is a generalization of the equation devised by Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler in the 18th century to describe the flow of incompressible and frictionless fluids.

1. unused photons lost forever (f.e. nutrients can be put back together)

2. pp carried out by chloroplast not by total plankton N

3. Phytopl can acclimate to low/high light by changing cellular Chl:N and Chl:C ratios

RQ= CO2 formed/ CO"2 consumed

- Normoxia: sea water fully saturated with air (21% or 21kPa)

- Hypoxia: sea water not fully saturated with air

- Anoxia: no (or only traces of) dissolved oxygen present

take up food by osmosis

1.) sensing of food particles

2.) engulfment of particles,

formation of food vacuole

(phagosome)

3.) intracellular digestion via fusion

with lysosomes containing

digestive enzymes

(phagolysosome)

4.) exocytosis of undigested

material

The first law of thermodynamics states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, only altered in form

1. N:P in plankton tends to the N:P composition of SW: plankton with diff ratios compete and balance eacht other so it reflects SW ratio

2. N:P in SW must tend to approach that characteristic of protoplasm in general

C84N6P1

but you cant seperate living world from non-living, so redfield is used

6CO2 + 6H2O <-> C6H12O6 + 6 CO2 + 6 H2O

•

A heterotroph is an organism

that consumes other organisms

in a food

•

Autotroph : able to synthesize

their own food from raw

materials and energy (plants,

algae, bacteria)

•

Heterotroph : consume primary

producers or other consumers

Rate of production of organic matter from inorganic materials by autotrophic

organisms

Rate of consumption of organic matter (conversion to inorganic matter) by

organisms.

Net rate of organic matter produced (GPP-R).

NCP takes the total respiration

of a plankton community

(autotroph & heterotroph) into

account

C:N:P ~ 106:16:1

law of minimum: plant biomass directly proportional to amount of limiting nutrient or nutrient with least amount runs out first

• nutrient stress: physiological response of the cell to nutrient deficiency

• nutrient deficiency: lack of one element versus another, related to stoichometry ratios