Drug delivery

1. Absorption

2. Distribution

3. Metabolism

4. Excretion

• Local

  • Topical: Skin, transdermal, eye, ear

• Systemic:

  • Enteral: via intestinal tract, swallow, buccal…

  • TOpical: skin, rectal, inhalation

  • Parenteral: Via injections

Bioavailability (B) definition: extent to which a drug is delivered to the systemic circulation

Distribution definition: Transition of a drug from the blood to the extravascular space

Theoretical volume that would be necessary to contain the total amount of administered drug atthe same concentration that it is observed in the blood plasma

Removal of a substance from the body

via Exhalation, liver or kidney

Nanometer-sized spheres or capsules that can be loaded with a desired drug andallow for a controlled release in the body

1. Biocompatibility / non-toxicity

2. Ability to retain the desired compound

3. Ability for controlled / sustained drug release

4. Stability in body fluids

• Chemical

  • Surface funtionalization

  • Surface charge

  • Hydrophobic/-philic

• Physical:

  • Size SHape

  • Surface roughness

  • Porosity

• Effects on:

  • Particle aggregation

  • Solubility

  • Biodistribution

  • etc

• NPs are formed by self assembly due to hydrophobicinteraction between their tail group

• High pressure homogenization

• Hot homogenization

• Cold homogenization

• NIR absorption (650 – 1350 nm) (deep tissue penetration)

• High photothermal conversion rate

• Facile conjugation with functional groups (thiol-bonding