Susceptibility
The cell expresses a receptor for viral entry
The virus can enter the cell
Permissivity
The cell can multiply the virus and release new viruses
envelope:
viral membrane
Envelope protein:
viral protein embedded into viral membrane
capsid:
viral protein core
nucleocapsid:
capsid that directly interacts with the viral genome
pfu:
plaque forming unit
moi:
multiplicity of infection
CPE:
cytopathic effect
+ssRNA, -ssRNA, dsRNA, +ssDNA, -ssDNA, dsDNA:
positive- or negative-oriented single stranded or double stranded RNA/DNA
single or double stranded RNA/DNA in + or - direction depending on translation direction
ID50:
infectious dose that infects 50%
CCID50:
ID50 in cell culture
cell culture infectious dose 50%
LD50:
lethal dose 50%; dose at which 50% of animals die
budding:
release of viral particles through a cellular membrane and the acquisition of a viral envelope through this process
Virus-like particle:
empty capsids that spontaneously form from capsid monomers
used for vaccines
What is the difference between in vitro and in vivo?
in vitro:
experiments with enzyme mix (e.g. Eppi),
experiments in cell culture
in vivo:
experiments in living organisms
examples: animal experiments, treatment of patients
tropism:
describes which cell type can become infected
host range
Wirtsspektrum
which species can become infected
RBD:
receptor binding domain
binds to the receptor, often highly conserved
FP:
fusion peptide
penetrates host membrane, triggers membrane fusion
Viral attachment:
lose binding to attachment factors
Viral binding:
binding to entry receptor
Affinity:
strength of binding between ligand and receptor
Avidity:
sum of all affinities if multiple binding sites exist
Viral persistence: VL4
The virus (its particles or genomes) remain in the body over a long time or lifelong
Latency: VL4
The virus persists but does not replicate. Latency is controlled at the genome level, e.g. circular viral DNA (Herpesviruses), integrated DNA (retroviruses)
Productive infection: VL4
viral replication is active, viral particles are being formed
Reactivation: VL4
switch from latency to productive infection
clinical latency VL4
the term „clinical latency“ refers to a state „without symptoms“. Not to be confused with virological latency. Exampls: HIV-infection has a period of 1-10 years of „clinical latency“, but with ongoing, productive infection
Retrovirus VL2
Type of virus that inserts a DNA copy of its RNA genome into the DNA host cell that it invades, thus changing the genome of the cell
Endogenous Retrovirus VL2
Sind Retroviren, die keinen vollständigen Replikationszyklus durchlaufen, sondern als Provirus von Generation zu Generation im Genom des Wirts weitervererbt werden
Retroelements VL2
A nucleic acid sequence that has been copied into DNA from an intermediate by reverse transcription.
PBS,LTR, ppt VL2
PBS: primer binding site
LTR: long terminal repeat
Ppt: polypurine tract
Provirus Zusatz
Retroviral DNA that is integrated into its host cell genome and is the template for formation of retroviral mRNAs and genomic RNA. Also called proviral DNA.
Last changed8 months ago