Altklausur

Definitionen SS23

• Susceptibility

• envelope

• capsid

• moi

• CCID50

• +ssRNA

• tropism

• host range

• budding

• CPE

SS23

Addition

Fill in the sketch of an non enveloped Virus

SS23

You work in a laboratory and produce a virus suspension. You determine the titer of the virus suspension in two different ways: Once with the help of a PCR and once with the help of a plaque assay. The PCR result gives a titer of 108 copies/ml, the plaque assay a titer of 107 pfu/ml. Explain the differences.

SS23

Pleasefill-in thet able for hepatitisviruses: What are the 5 hepatitis viruses? What is their route of transmission? Which can cause chronic infection? Which hepatitis virus infections can be prevented by vaccination?

SS23

SS23

HIV can establish a productive or a latent infection and can also undergo reactivation. Please explain this by using the following terms in your answer: “integration”, “provirus”, “activated T cell”, “memory T cell”, “T cell stimulation”, “MHC1”, “latent infection”, “productive infection”, “reactivation”.

SS23

Describe the typical course of a herpes virus infection. Use the terms “latent infection”, “reactivation/reactivates”, “productive infection”, “persistence/persists”, “lifelong”) in your answer. ( /5)

SS23

Some high-risk human papilloma viruses (HPV) can cause cancer. There is a vaccine available that can prevent infection with HPV. Why can’t the vaccine prevent HPV-induced cancer if the HPV infection is already established? Use the following words in your answer. “E6”, “E7”, “p53”, “Rb”, “capsid protein L1”, “vaccine”.

SS23

SS23

Name 2 acute respiratory viruses that occur in Germany predominantly in winter, 1 that occurs predominantly during summer, and 2 that can be observed all year

SS23

SS23

Complete the table on vaccines

NK SS22

1. Definitionen

   PRR TLR

   intrinsicimmunity

   moi

   host range

   tropism

   tSSRNA

   budding

   nucleocapsid

   ORF

NK SS22

NK SS22

In Köln 1.000.000 Einwohner 1000 gestorben an Corona 370.000 Leute infiziert -> Morbidität ausrechnen, Prävalenz und nen facility case wert ausrechnen

steht in Epidemiology vorlesung drin

NK SS22

NK SS22

5. Definition endogenous retrovirus 2 Punkte

NK SS22

6. Was ist adjuvant

1 Beispiel 2 Punkte

NK SS22

7. Picornavirus warum 1 Gen aber mehrere versch Proteine 2 Punkte

NK SS22

1. Was ist Glycoprotein und wo lokalisiert im Virion

   2 Punkte

NK SS22

9. RNA Virenwerden von intrinsic immunityerkannt 1 Mechanismus 3Pkt

NK SS22

1. weekly cumulative Incidence erkennen 2 Punkte

NK SS22

1. Tabelle Impfstoffe 10Punkte

NK SS22

12. Definition antiviral state

NK SS22

1. RT in vitro in vivo

Definitionen WS23

• MOI

• Tropismus

• Suszeptibilität

• PFU

• host range

• Virus-like particle

Abbildung: Membranen/Sachen benennen: Fusion protein, Receptor binding domain etc.. → welcher part ist außen welcher innen?

What do the abbreviations of the parts of the surface protein of Covid mean?

Which Part of the protein is extracellular and why (2 reasons)?

WS23

Describe the TaqMan-PCR method (with drawing ggf). Why is it more specific than a normal PCR?

WS23

Tabelle: Hepatitis Arten aufschreiben und ob es dagegen Impfung gibt // Chronic Disease (Fill in the table regarding Hepatitis viruses and the following properties: name, transmission route, chronic disease or not, vaccination available or not)

WS23

Tabelle mit Impfstoffen (Fill in the table, naming for all 5 kinds of vaccines what their components are (live vaccine, Vektor vaccine, dead vaccine, mRNA vaccine, protein vaccine)

WS23

1x Ankreuzaufgabe (Falsche Ergebnisse ankreuzen) 5P

→ mRNA Transkription/Translation; corona/ diskontinuierliche Transkription

→ Transcriptional Mechanism of Coronaviruses using appropriate technical terms

WS23

Warum HPV Krebs verursacht ( → p53, E6/E7?) (HPV can cause cancer, how is that mediated? Use “p53”, “integration”, “basal” and the involved viral proteins for your explanation.)

WS23

Name the 7 paediatric diseases with their viruses

WS23

HIV: Warum kann HIV nicht eliminiert werden → Replikationszyklus?

WS23

Warum kann man Hepatitis B mit reverser Transkriptase behandeln?

WS23

Calculation of prevalence, mortality and (das wie viele bekannt infizierte gestorben sind)

WS23

Why can viruses like influenza and covid cause myocarditis?

WS23

Definieren                                       

• Susceptibility:                   

• Viral envelope:

• ID50:      

• PRR:     

• TLR:      

• PBS (not phosphate-buffered saline):                         

• nucleocapsid:     

• +ssRNA:                                   

• LTR:      

• Intrinsic immunity:       

WS22

You produce two viral stocks of cytomegalovirus (HCMV). To determine the concentration of the two virus suspensions, you dilute the suspensions in a 10-fold dilution series and infect 293T cells with each dilution level. After 2 days, you determine the percentage of infected cells. The results are plotted graphically:

What is the CCID50 of the two stock solutions?

Stock A (white circles):_________________________

Stock B (black circles):_________________________

Which stock solution is more concentrated?

  Stock A

  Stock B

How much more virus is contained in the higher-concentration stock versus the lower-concentration stock?

  2-fold

  10-fold

  100-fold

  1000-fold

WS22

Retroviruses use a reverse transcription step during their replication cycle (in vivo). Reverse transcription is also being used in molecular biology in vitro. What is needed in vivo/in vitro, to perform such a reaction?                                           (           /4)

WS22

You isolate the genome of a single-stranded RNA virus and transfect a cell culture with this naked genomic RNA. After one day, the cells have started to produce viral particles. Based on this observation, what can you tell about the nature of the genome? Provide a brief explanation    2P

  the genome is +ssRNA

  the genome is -ssRNA

explanation:

WS22

What is an IRES site, what does it do and what can it be used for in molecular biology? (3P)

WS22

The city of Cologne has about 1,000,000 (one million) inhabitants. As of today, 370,000 inhabitants have been proven to be infected with SARS-CoV-2. There have been a total of 1,000 Covid-related deaths. (If you cannot calculate the numbers in your head, it is sufficient to give the equation with the correct numbers)                                                                                              (            /3)

What is the total prevalence of Covid infection in the population of Köln?

What is the case fatality rate of Covid in Köln?

What is the Covid-related mortality rate in Köln?       

WS22                                                       

Cells can recognize the presence of RNA viruses. Describe a mechanism by which this occurs.          (            /3)

WS22

How do mRNA vaccines work? Use the terms LNP, adjuvant, ribosome, MHC in your answer.                                   (            /4)

WS22

Which viral replication cycle is shown here? Name 3 typical elements.                                                                                                             (            /2)

• Retrovirus

• Hepadnavirus          

• Adenovirus                            

• Orthomyxovirus                          

•  Herpesvirus

WS22

complete the table on vaccines        

Define

• CCID50

• tropism

• PBS: (not phosphate-buffered saline)

• ORF

• glycoprotein

• IRES

• +ssRNA

• RBD

• Virus-like particle

• budding:

WS20/21

You produce a viral stock suspension of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). In order to determine the concentration of the virus in the viral stock suspension, you perform a 10- fold dilution series and infect vero cells. After 3 days, you determine the amount of infected cells for each viral dilution. The results of the experiment are depicted in the following graph. What is the ccID50 of the viral stock solution?

WS20/21

The envelope proteins of HIV are gp41 and gp120. Describe briefly their role during viral entry.

WS20/21

WS20/21

You isolate the genome of an unknown virus. Biochemical analysis reveals that the genome is single-stranded RNA.

Describe a simple experiment to determine whether the genome is positive- or negative- stranded. The experiment should include a cell culture step.

WS20/21

Retroviruses use a reverse transcription step during their replication cycle (in vivo). Reverse transcription is also being used in molecular biology in vitro. What is needed in vivo/in vitro, to perform such a reaction?

WS20/21

Name 2 examples of signs of reverse transcription in the human genome.

WS20/21

Translation of viral and cellular proteins is in general identical. However, the initiation of translation of +RNA-viruses differs from cellular proteins or other viruses.

a) Which structural element within the viral mRNA contributes to initiation of translation?

b) Why do these viruses have to encode for this element? (What other typical mRNA element that usually contributes to initiation is missing?)

c) How is this element being used in molecular biology?

WS20/21

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in intrinsic immunity.

a) Name 4 TLRs (there are more) that are important for viral defense and their ligands. Receptor + ligand

b)Some of these ligands occur also within the host cell. How can the TLRs distinguish between host molecules and viral molecules?

c) What is the main consequence of TLR signaling? (Which mediators become expressed?)

WS20/21

Describe briefly the adaptive immune response leading to T cell activation. Use the following terms and abbreviations: Antigen, Dendritic Cells, lymph node, naive T cell, Effector-T-cell, CTL, T-helper cell, MHCI, MHCII, memory-T-cell

WS20/21

WS20/21

WS20/21

1.      Definieren Sie die folgenden Begriffe/Abkürzungen:                            (            /5)

• Permissivität:             

• Tropismus:     

• Envelope:        

• RBD:             

• CPE:    

• pfu:       

• Wirtsspektrum    

• +ssRNA:                      

• ADCC:

• budding

  
  

WS21/22

Sie produzieren zwei Virus-Stocks des Zytomegalievirus (HCMV). Um die Konzentration der beiden Virussuspensionen zu bestimmen, verdünnen Sie die Suspensionen in einer 10-fach Verdünnungsreihe und infizieren mit den einzelnen Verdünnungsstufen 293T-Zellen. Nach 2 Tagen bestimmen Sie den Anteil infizierter Zellen. Die Ergebnisse wurden graphisch aufgetragen:      

WS21/22

Die Fusionsproteine von HIV und von Influenza sind sehr ähnlich aufgebaut. Für die Membranfusion müssen beide eine Konformationsänderung durchlaufen. Diese wird bei den beiden Viren durch unterschiedliche Ereignisse ausgelöst. Welche sind das? 

                                                                                                                      (            /2)

Bei HIV:

Bei Influenza:

WS21/22

Sie isolieren das Genom von Rhinoviren und transfizieren mit der nackten genomischen RNA eine Zellkultur. Nach einem Tag können Sie Viruspartikel im Überstand detektieren. Was können Sie aufgrund dieser Beobachtung über die Art des Genoms aussagen? Geben Sie eine kurze Begründung. (            /2)

  das Genom ist eine +ssRNA

  das Genom ist eine -ssRNA

Begründung:

WS21/22

Im Innern des SARS-CoV-2-Partikels befindet sich das Nucleopotein (N). In die Membran des Virus eingelagert befindet sich das Spike-Potein (S). Welches der beiden Proteine ist glycosyliert und wie kommen Sie zu dieser Annahme?     

WS21/22

Wofür steht der Begriff IRES und was bewirkt dieses Strukturelement?   

WS21/22

Die intrinsische Immunabwehr erkennt die Gegenwart von RNA-Viren. Beschreiben Sie einen Mechanismus, durch den dieses erfolgt.

WS21/22

Wie wirken mRNA-Impfstoffe? Verwenden Sie in ihrer Antwort die Begriffe Endosom, TLR, Ribosom, MHC    

WS21/22

Welcher virale Replikationszyklus ist hier abgebildet? Nennen Sie 3 typische Elemente.

• Retrovirus

• Hepadnavirus      

• Adenovirus                   

• Orthomyxovirus                   

• Herpesvirus

WS21/22

Vervollständigen sie bitte die Tabelle zu den Impfstoffen

WS21/22

In Köln 1.000.000 Einwohner 1000 gestorben an Corona 370.000 Leute infiziert -> Morbidität ausrechnen, Prävalenz und nen facility case wert ausrechnen

berechnen: Prevalence, CFR, Mortality

WS22/23

SS22

WS22/23

Was ist IRES? Für was kann man es in der Molekularbiologie nutzen? 3P

WS22/23

Definition: endogenous retrovirus 2P

WS22/23

Was ist Adjuvans + 1 Beispiel

2p

WS22/23

Picornavirus: warum 1 Gen aber mehrere versch. Proteine? 2P

WS22/23

Was ist Glycoprotein und wo lokalisiert im Virion? 2P

WS22/23

RNA-Viren werden von intrinsic immunity erkannt

1 Mechanismus

3P

WS22/23

Weekly & Cumulative Incidence erkennen

2P

WS22/23

Tabelle Impfstoffe 10P

WS22/23

Definition: Antiviral state

WS22/23

RT in vitro & in vivo

WS22/23

3. Retroviren 3 Eigenschaften (AK)

Nachklausur WS22/23

AciCloVoer (AcecylCoAR) Antiviral Drug * Mechanismus

Nachklausur WS22/23

6. Wie b Celle antibodies aktivieren

Nachklausur WS22/23

7. High Risk HPV : wie viel machen viral persistence und cancer —> %%

Nachklausur WS22/23

8. Warum HPV Impfstoff : warum kann der High Risk HPV verhindern aber nicht Krebs aber nicht wenn’s schon mal im Körper war ??

 Nachklausur WS22/23

9. 3 Faktoren die childhood disease ausmachen

Nachklausur WS22/23

10. rna dependent RNA /DNA polymerase, RNase (Antwort auf Frage)

Nachklausur WS22/23

welche frage?

12. HPV: warum kann man mit Reverse transkriptase inhibitor behandeln (AK)

Nachklausur WS22/23

SS19

Describe the entry if HIV-1. How are the conformational changes controlled?

SS19

Describe DNA replication of SV40

SS19

Describe nuclear export of HIV-1 transcripts (spliced, non-spliced, partially spliced)

SS19

Picornaviruses do not have a 5’ cap. Describe how the initiation of their translation works and how this system can be used to express a wanted protein and selection marker in an expression vector

SS19

Describe how different viruses acquire their envelope from different places.

SS19

Explain how the immune system can react to an infection with a RNA-virus using all of the following terms: Innate/Adaptive immune response, TLR, Nfκb, IFN, MHC, CTL, fDCs, IgG