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How to Mathe Abi

12) Abstände (Geometrie)

RK
by Rick K.

Welche Steps wendest Du an an, um den Abstand zweier Punkte zu berechnen?

Abstand zweier Punkte:


STEP 1:

Bilde den Verbindungsvektor der beiden Punkte.


STEP 2:

Berechne den Betrag dieses Vektors.


Du benötigst also die beiden Tools Verbindungsvektor und Betrag eines Vektors.

Berechne den Abstand des Punktes


A(3;0;4)A(3;0;4)


zum Koordinatenursprung.


Lösung:


dist(O;A)=5(LE)‾‾\underline{\underline{dist(O;A)=5 (LE)}}


denn es gilt:


∣OA→∣=(3−0)2+(0−0)2+(4−0)2=5|\overrightarrow{OA}|=\sqrt{(3-0)^2+(0-0)^2+(4-0)^2}=5


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A(3;0;4)A(3;0;4)


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B(5;1;2)B(5;1;2)


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dist(A;B)=3(LE)‾‾\underline{\underline{dist(A;B)=3 (LE)}}


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∣AB→∣=(5−3)2+(1−0)2+(2−4)2=3|\overrightarrow{AB}|=\sqrt{(5-3)^2+(1-0)^2+(2-4)^2}=3


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P(xP;yP;zP)P(x_P;y_P;z_P)


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E:n1⋅x+n2⋅y+n3⋅z=dE:n_1\cdot x + n_2\cdot y + n_3\cdot z = d


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dist(P;E)=∣n1⋅xP+n2⋅yP+n3⋅zP−d∣n12+n22+n32dist(P;E)=\frac{|n_1\cdot x_P+n_2\cdot y_P+n_3\cdot z_P-d| }{\sqrt{n_1^2+n_2^2+n_3^2}}


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P(2;3;0)P(2;3;0)


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E:z=0E: z=0


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dist(P;E)=0(LE)‾‾\underline{\underline{dist(P;E)=0 (LE)}}


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dist(P;E)=∣n1⋅xP+n2⋅yP+n3⋅zP−d∣n12+n22+n32dist(P;E)=\frac{|n_1\cdot x_P+n_2\cdot y_P+n_3\cdot z_P-d| }{\sqrt{n_1^2+n_2^2+n_3^2}}


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g:x→=a→+r⋅b→g: \overrightarrow{x}=\overrightarrow{a}+r\cdot \overrightarrow{b}


h:x→=c→+s⋅d→h: \overrightarrow{x}=\overrightarrow{c}+s\cdot \overrightarrow{d}


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r,s∈Rr,s \in \mathbb{R}


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dist(g;h)=∣(c→−a→)∘(b→×d→)∣∣b→×d→∣‾‾\underline{\underline{dist(g;h)=\frac{|(\overrightarrow{c}-\overrightarrow{a})\circ (\overrightarrow{b}\times \overrightarrow{d})|}{|\overrightarrow{b}\times \overrightarrow{d}|}}}


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Author

Rick K.

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