Different topics

D: not enough oxygen

C: low oxygen saturation due to high altitute

S: Euphoria, cyanosis, nausea —> hypoxia signature

C: Oxygen mask, descent

Time of usefull consciousness

the maximum time the pilot has to make rational, life-saving decisions and carry them out at a given altitude without supplemental oxygen

D: rapid breathing, not enough carbondioxid

C: Anxiety, panic, hypoxia

S: Air hunger, tingling in extremities

C: Breath in bag, sing a song, talk loudly/slowly

Carbon monoxide poisining

C: incomplete combustion —> broken heating system

S: headache, nausea, vomit

C: hospital, open window, turn off heating

D: Extreme exhaution

P: good nutrition, enough rest

C: consult a physician

Day: Cones —> centre

Night: Reds —> periphery

Night Blind Spot: scanning technique

Night vision illusions: Autokinesis (moving lights), false horizon (city light as horizon), confusion with ground lights, Night Myopia (problems seeing distance)

• Hanger (to house)

• apron/ramp

• movement area

• runway

• taxiway

• tower

• vehicles

• 
  

apron + manovering area

Manovering area = runway + taxiway

1. File it

Specific height/velocity

Standart tp consists of left turns

• Takeoff Leg

• Crosswind

• Downwind

• Base

• Final

Approaches: Straight in (skipping TP), Direct approach (emergency)

• symmetric(al)

• non-symmetric(al) / asymmetric(al)

• span = tip to root

• leading edge / trailing edge

• chord line

• mean camber line (upper/lower camber)

• AOA = chordline + relative wind (aerodynamik)

• AOI = chordline + reference plane (mechanical)

• stall (exceed the critical angle)

• boundary layer

Bernoulli: Venturi Tube

Newton: Third Law: Action and reaction

IGE:

• within one rotor diameter

• less power: Cushion

• vortices: Smaller

• surface: flat, even

• limited ground effect

• more power

• bigger vortices

• landing gear = pivot

• exceeding critical angle till rollover

• advancing blade

• retreating blade

• different relative wind speeds

• flapping

• to prevent blowback: cyclic forward

—> gyroscopic precession

VNE = never exceed speed

• 10 - 20 knots

• rolling motion

• different airflow front + aft part of rotor disc

• between 16-24 knots

• more horizontal airflow

• clear air also through tail rotor

• heavily loaded helicopter

• running take-off

Air speed indicator: Speed in knots

• pitot tube

• static port

• static pressure+ ram pressure= dynamic pressure

• diaphragm

• face

• needle

• mechanical linkage

• case

• extend / contract

• climb or descent rate

• ft / min

• static port

• calibrated leak

• diaphragm

• face

• needle

• mechanical linkage

• case

• expend / contract

• delay

• barometric altitude

• ft

• static port

• aneroid wafers

• face

• needle

• mechanical linkage

• case

• expend / contract

• Kollsman window

• pressure set knob

horizon

• pitch + bank = indication

• off-flage

• gyro (3 gimbals)

• re-erect knob

• symbolic airplane

Slave

• heading (compass card)

• gyro —> 3 gimbols rigity

• friction - no flex valve

detects magnetic flux lines of the earth (like a compas)

• direction and rate of turn

• standard rate turn: 3° per second

• off-flag

• indicates yaw

• gyro (2 gimbals)

• gravity + centrifugal forces

• ball in a tube, damping fluid

• coordinated turn: ball in a doghouse

• slip / skid —> kick the ball

________________________________

ASI AH Alt

_____________ ______________

(turn indicator l HI l (VSI)

———

Name: Angle of attack reduction

Reaction:

• Nose continues to turn to the right after right turn

Name: Weathercock stability

Reaction:

• Weathervane into the wind

• pivots around the mast

Name: Tail rotor vortex ring state

Reaction of the helicopter:

• Squirminess in pedals

Name: Main rotor disk interference

Reaction of the helicopter:

• Sudden, rapid right yaw