Define open-angle glaucoma.
Open-angle glaucoma (also chronic glaucoma): generally bilateral, progressive loss of optic nerve fibers with open chamber angles (often with increased IOP), not caused by another systemic or local condition
List causes.
Primary cause unclear
Risk factors [5]
Age > 40 years
Increased IOP
European or African descent
Diabetes mellitus
Familial predisposition
Myopia
Steroid use
Describe the pathophysiology.
Secondary clogging of the trabecular meshwork or reduced drainage → gradual ↑ in IOP → vascular compression → ischemia to the optic nerve → progressive visual impairment.
Causes
Secondary clogging due to
Inflammatory cells (e.g., uveitis)
Red blood cells (e.g. vitreous hemorrhage)
Material from retinal detachment in the aqueous humor
Reduced drainage due to
Increased episcleral venous pressure
Damaged trabecular meshwork after a chemical injury
Last changeda year ago