Describe the infectious endophthalmitis.
Causative organism
Bacteria: coagulase-negative staphylococci (most common), S. aureus, streptococci, B. cereus (in posttraumatic endophthalmitis)
Fungi: Candida (most common), mold (Aspergillus, Mucor, and Fusarium species)
Route of entry
Exogenous (direct inoculation)
Intraocular surgeries/injections
Postcataract surgery (most common cause of postoperative endophthalmitis)
After glaucoma surgery; corneal transplant; intravitreal injections
Penetrating trauma (less common)
Endogenous (hematogenous spread)
Presence of a distant infectious focus → bacteremia/fungemia → seeding of the vascular choroid by the organism → spread of infection to the retina and vitreous
Describe the noninfectious endophthalmitis.
An inflammatory reaction to drugs injected into the vitreous
Usually resolves completely without intravitreal antibiotics/vitrectomy
Clinical features.
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