Process of concentration of people, resources, and economic activity in large urban centers (metropolitan areas)

• Driven by economic development, infrastructure investment & migration

Process where certain groups / individuals are excluded or pushed to the margins of society

Causes:

• economic, social & political discrimination

can occur when certain neighborhoods / communities are neglected / excluded from the benefits of urban development.

=> social & economic inequality

Driven by…

Population growth, economic development & migration

Key elements…

growth of cities, the expansion of urban areas, the development of urban infrastructure, & the concentration of people & resources in urban centers (metropolization)

Other elements…

changes in land use patterns, the emergence of new urban forms & lifestyles, & the impact of urbanization of the natural environment