The Legal Proffesion 1A

Obrońca

• This person is a lawyer who gives legal advice and opinions to solicitors. He or she passed the exams of the Bar Council of England & Wales at the end of his or her studies.

Adwokat

• This person is a lawyer who gives legal advice to individuals and companies. He or she passed his or her exams in the USA at the end of his or her studies and is usually a member of the American Bar Association.

Radca prawny/ Notariusz

• This person is a lawyer who gives legal advice to individuals and companies. He or she passed the exams of the Law Society of England & Wales at the end of his or her studies.

Prawnik

• This the general job title that we use for people who work as a solicitor, barrister or attorney.

Kompetentny

• having the skills, qualities, or experience that you need in order to do something

Sprawa sądowa

• process of making a claim in the civil court

Prawo do przemawiania w sądzie

• a right of a lawyer to appear and conduct proceedings in court on behalf of their client

Ćwiczyć

• to repeat something regularly in order to improve your ability

Sędzia

• someone who controls a trial in court, decides how criminals should be punished, and makes decisions about legal things

Praktyka prawnicza

• a procedure used in law

Adwokat

• a lawyer who defends someone in court

Advocacy - poparcie - the act of advocating something

Wydawać się

• to seem to be a particular thing or have a particular quality

Umowa szkoleniowa

• a legally binding agreement between the employer and apprentice or trainee (the parties) for the term of the apprenticeship or traineeship

Partnerstwo

• an arrangement in which two people or organizations work together to achieve something

Powołać się na sprawę

• to say something to try to help someone get what they want or avoid punishment

Kancelaria adwokacka

• a business that employs lawyers to represent clients or argue in court

Działać w imieniu

• If a lawyer or other professional acts for you, they represent you in order to deal with something

Reprezentować

• to speak, act, or be present officially for another person or people

Klient

• a person who receives services, esp. from a lawyer or other person who gives advice

Specjalizować się

• to study or work on a particular subject or skill more than any others, so that you become an expert in it

Prawo karne

• The law that punishes acts against a person or against property that people consider to be harmful to the whole community. The state prosecutes criminals.

Prawo cywilne

• The law concerning the rights and duties of private individuals and companies rather than criminal matters.

Kwestia

• A subject or situation, e.g. a criminal matter, a civil matter.

Wola

• A legal document in which a person gives details of what they want to happen to their property after their death.

Kraść

• To take something that belongs to someone else with the intention of keeping it.

Być w sporze

• To have a serious disagreement with another person.

Strona w sprawie sądowej

• The claimant or the defendant.

Być komuś winnym pieniądze

• To have to pay someone for something that they have done for you or given to you.

Koszty prawne

• The court fees and payment for the lawyer who is acting for you.

Procedura

• A decided way of doing something.

Wnieść sprawę do sądu

• To take legal action against someone in the criminal court.

Zgłosić roszczenie

• Start a claim in the civil court.

Uiścić opłatę

• Pay the court an amount of money for issuing the claim.

Złożyć reklamację

• Send the claim to the defendant’s address and make sure that he or she receives it.

Odpowiedz na reklamację

• Confirm that you have received the claim and to say what you will do next.

Wysłuchać sprawę

• Listen to the details of the claim and listen to what the claimant and the defendant say about their dispute.

Postępować na czyjąś korzyść

• Decide that this person has won the case.

Wydać wyrok

• Officially announce the result of the case. The judge may give the reasons for the decision.

Wydać rozkaz

• Officially state what someone has to do, and how and when he or she must do it.

Komornik

• A person who can legally take a person’s property when that person does not pay money that he or she owes.

Prawo czynu niedozwolonego

• says that everyone has a civil duty to be careful and not to hurt or harm another person

Ranna/poszkodowana osoba

• the person who is hurt

Zarzuty

• an accusation – the claimant is stating that something happened, but the defendant has the opportunity to say this is not true

Nieostrożność

• the fact of not taking or showing enough care and attention

Popełnić

• to do something illegal or something that is considered wrong

Zaniedbanie

• a tort when someone was not careful enough and this person’s carelessness hurt another person as a result

Czyn niedozwolony, delikt

• if someone hurts or harms another person because of a breach

Pozwać

• a more informal way of saying starting proceedings against someone

Nie ma wygranej, nie ma opłat

• agreement that if the client does not win the case then he or she does not have to pay for the lawyer’s services

Odszkodowanie

• compensation (money from the careless person)

Powody

• the reasons for going to court

Naruszenie

• to break (the duty of care by accident but sometimes they do it deliberately)

Rozprawić się z kimś lub czymś

• to dobusiness with someone or to take the correct action in an area of work

Legalne

• allowed by the law

Ważny

• legally correct and acceptable

Sporządzić dokument

• to write a document

Mieć prawo

• (in intellectual property law) to have a legal interest in something; it is yours

Złodziej

• a person who steals money or property using or threatening to use violence

Rozwód

• the legal ending of a marriage

Połączyć

• (in company law) when two companies join together to form one

Mieć gdzieś siedzibę

• to be established somewhere as the main place where you work or live

Dobra

• things that are produced so that they can be sold

Fundusz

• an amount of money that a person or organisation keeps to pay for something in particular

Prawo o publicznym obrocie papierami wartościowymi i funduszach powierniczych

• deals with the rules and principles governing the creation and operation of trusts – a particular method of holding property

Prawo własności intelektualnej

• deals with laws to protect and enforce rights of the creators and owners of inventions, writing, music, designs and other works

Prawo rodzinne

• body of law regulating family relationships, including marriage and divorce, the treatment of children, and related economic matters

Niesprawiedliwe zwolnienie

• a situation where someone loses his or her job for a reason that is not valid

Dzierżawa gruntów i budynków

• an agreement to allow someone to use land or buildings for a fixed period of time in return for a payment of rent

Założenie firmy

• the establishment of a new business in a specific way

Gospodarz/ właściciel

• a person who owns a house, a flat or office and receives rent from someone for allowing them to live there, or use the building for business purposes

Urlop macierzyński

• the time period when a woman is not at work before and after the birth of her baby. Her employer usually pays her for part or all of the time that she is away

Dyskryminować

• to behave differently towards that person, usually in the workplace, because of their age, sex or the colour of their skin

Najemca

• a person who pays rent to the owner of a house, a flat or an office in return for living there, or for using the building for business purposes

Kapitał

• the total amount of money, property and other assets that a business has

Zasiłek chorobowy

• money that an employer must pay to an employee when that employee is ill and cannot work

Niewypłacalny

• not having enough money to pay your debts

Przeniesienie tytułu własności

• the legal process involved in transferring the ownership of a house or land from the seller to the buyer

Nadmiarowości

• a situation where someone loses his or her job because an employer no longer needs so many employees

Współpraca

• a business which a minimum of two people own and control

Połączenie/ fuzja

• the joining together of two or more things, such as companies, to form one single thing or company

Nieruchomość

• a more formal way of saying land and houses

Własność

• to have ownership of a property means that the property belongs to you. You are the owner of the property

Aktywa

• things that a person or company owns

Długi

• sums of money that you owe

Wynajem

• the money that someone pays, usually every month, to use a flat, a house or an office that belongs to someone else

Niezmienny

• something that is fixed is certain and cannot be changed