Week 2

Week 2 is about motivation

Motivation is the process that accounts for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal

• intensity: how hard someone tries

• direction: where effort is channeled

• persistence: how long the effort is maintained

1. Needs Theory

2. Process Theory

Needs theory:

• People are motivated to act in a way that will result in essential needs being fulfilled

  • identify the most important needs

Process Theory:

• People can be motivated by specific processes rather than receiving positive things as a result of performance

  • explain how motivated behavior is reinforced, directed, maintained and stopped

    
    

• Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

• Theory X and Theory Y

• Self-Determination Theory

• Goal setting theory

• Expectancy theory

It is a pyramid, first one is most important, then the next step follows:

• Physiological (Food….)

• Safety (that you are not killed)

• Social (have friends, wife…)

• Esteem (own capability, how you are seen by others)

• Self-actualization (own full potential)

Theory X Mindset:

• Managers think that people will always do the minimum

• employees must be controlled

Theory Y Mindset:

• Managers think that people love to work; they have intrinsic motivation to do a good job if they are committed to a goal

• employees will accept and even seek responsibility & opportunity to make good decisions

self-determination theory

People have 3 basic needs:

• Autonomy

  • feeling of being in charge of their own life

  • own behavior is an expression of themselves

• Competence

  • feeling effective in the social norms

• Relatedness

  • feeling connected to others

  • belonging to social groups

When those 3 needs are satisfied, people experience more motivation and engagement in their work

They will have better performance, more creativity and greater persistance

Goal Setting Theory:

• Specific goals lead to better performance

• Difficult Tasks, so we want to achieve

• Feedback on how we are doing

• being part of our own goal-setting process motivates us to achieve them

• in groups, it is better to contribute to a team goal, than to individual goals

• better in cultures where power distance is low and people are more independent

Motivation/ own action and Reward must be connected