Define the term standard and protocol.
A standard is a set of formalized technical requirements, guidelines and specifications developed by some entity and accepted by many parties.
A protocol is a set of rules used by two or multiple parties to interact (between themselves).
What is a digital twin in the context of IoT?
Digital/virtual representation of physical IoT devices that offer information on the state of the physical twin, respond to changes, improve operations, and add value.
In IoT only physical things!
Assess the LoRa, 4G and 5G according to their range and data rate.
Which area networks do exist?
What is LoRa?
The LoRaWAN ® specification is a Low Power, Wide Area networking protocol designed to wirelessly connect battery operated things to the internet in regional, national or global networks, and targets key Internet of Things IoT requirements.
Sketch a typical LoRa architecture.
What function does a gateway take on in IoT?
Gateway is a requirement for connecting small low power short range devices. Gateways are sometimes fixed infrastructure devices connected to the backbone network (hence open Internet), and also maybe embedded with some Ethernet or 4G/5G connectivity.
To connect two networks of different standards, a gateway which supports both is needed. It then builds to border between the networks.
Sending data from the sender to the gateway is called uplink, vice verca is called downlink.
Construct a simple heterogenous wireless sensor network architecture compromising of some Bluetooth PAN connections and LoRa/LoRaWAN network. Show all connection to the core network using appropirate terminologies for each technology.
Last changeda year ago
