glutamate + rest of nt

major excitatory nt

glutamine to glutamatergic neuron

glutamine via glutaminase to glutamate

glutamate via vesicular glutamate transporter to vesicles

ap activates calcium channels, so glutamate released via calcium dependent exocytosis to synaptic cleft

glutamate in synapse to ampa nmda ionotrophic receptor channels, with metabotropic receptors mGluR on postsynaptic cell

glutamate via transporter terminating synaptic transmission to neighboring glial cells

glutamate via glutamine synthetase to glutamine in glial cells

glutamine transported back to glutamatergic axon terminal

glutaminase in glutamatergic neuron

vesicular glutamate transporter

via calcium dependent exocytosis

via ap activating calcium channels

interact with ampa r and nmda r

metabotrophic receptors mGluR on postsynaptic cell

metabotrophic receptors for glutamate on postsynaptic cell, ampa r, nmda r

via glutamine synthetase

in glial cells

transporter of glutamate to neighboring glial cells, astrocytes

astrocytes

agonist is glutamate

coagonist is glycine or d-serine, needed for activation

permeable to calcium and sodium

phencyclidine PCP and ketamine = noncompetitive antagonists for this receptor

glutamate

glycine or d serine, needed for activation

calcium and sodium

noncompetitive antagonists of NMDA r

synaptic plasticity

memory, learning

excitotoxicity (too much calcium)

role in pathology of epilepsy, PD, schizophrenia

role in ischemic brain damage (stroke), ALS

major inhibitory nt

synthesized from glutamate in gaba shunt

glutamate via glutamic acid decarboxylase GAD to GABA

krebs alpha ketoglutarate via GABA T (transaminase) to glutamate

succinic semi aldehyde via GABA T to gaba

enhance GABA A

BZD

barbiturates

general and inhaled anesthetics

alcohols

ligand gated CL ion channels

increases chloride conductance

GPCR , coupled gi go

increase potassium conductance

inhibits calcium channels

example of agonist is baclofen