Greek

• Tyrannicides/ Athenian lovers

• Freed Athens form teh Peisistratid Tyrants (=Hippias)

480-479 BC:

• Significant naval battle during Greco-Persian Wars

  • Between alliance of Greek-city-states & Persian Empire

• Outnumbered Athenian Navy destroyed Persians (under King Xerxes)

• Turning point in the war

  • Forced Xerxes to postpone his planned land offensives for a year

  • —> time for greek city-states to nite

• First naval battle

403 BC

• Treaty that marks end of Peloponnesian war

• Concluded in Athens

• For restoring democracy

• Rules for future relations between Athens & other city-states

• Key aspect: forbidding proscecutions for cimres committed under the rule of “The Thirty Tyrants” and before

• Pro-Spartan oligarchy installed in Athens after the Peloponnesian war (404 BC)

  • Athenian democracy was defeated by Sparta in Peloponneasian War

• Upon Lysander’s request the Thirty elected as tyrannical government, not just legislative committee

  • Lysander = prominent spartan military, po. .keader

• Rule by violence, corruption, oppressive tactics —> Exile of many Athenians

• “Rule by the few” instead of democracy

• A prominent greek statesman during the Golden Age of Athens (his era)

• Fierce proponent of democracy

• Leadership, reforms —> groundwork for the full development of the Athenian democracy

  • Promoted arts, arcitecture, philosophy

Accomplishments

• Strengthening Democracy

  • Increased authority of Assembly, primary legislative body

• Leaderhsip during Persian War

• Athenian Acropolis

  
  

• Reforms attributed to the Athenian statesman Solon

• Instituted in 594 BCE

• Laid foundation Athenian democracy

• Class conflict & civil war in Athens

• Now: first step towards democratic life

• 4 tribes

  • Each has the same amount to Senate

  • = Against disparities

• 508 BC

• Cleisthenes = ancient Athenian statesman

• Reforms that reorganized the Athenian government

• Considered foundation of Athenian democracy

• Reorganized entire citizen into 139 tribes

• Resident of Athens but not a citizens

• Excluded form pol. rights & rights to citizenship

  • Even if born in Athens —> parents not Athenians

• Few excepitons

  • funded money, sometimes granted right to own land, right to own a house, etc.

• Special tax

• Supposely: metic status comes from Cleisthenes reforms

• Ancient Greek warships (Kriegsschiff) with three banks of oars (Ruder)

• Units of currency used in ancient Greece

• Between Persian & Peloponnesain war

• Became synonymous with Atheninan naval power

• An alliance of Greek city-states, led by Athens

  • not Sparta

• League became increasingly dominated by Athens, evolving into the Athenian empire

The Athenian-ruled alliance of city-states, also known as the Delian League

• 431 to 404 BCE

• Protracted (langwierig) conflict between Athens, Sparta & their respective allies

• Multiple phases

• Athenian alliance (Delian League)

  • Empire with most of the islands, coaster states

• Sparta

  • Leader of alliance of independent states

• Main cause:

  • Atheninan Contorl of Delian League

  • Spartan Alarm at Athenian Power

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• Principal assembly of the democracy of ancient Athens

  • Male citizens discussed issues & prosposed laws

  • Came with Cleisthenes’ Reforms —> democratic

• Met regularly at auditorium/ on a hill in Athens (pnyx)

• Everyone no matter wealth, etc.

• Vorign process: simple majority vote

The port of Athens

• A council of citizens that

  • set the agenda for the assembly &

  • handled day-to-day affairsBoule/ Council of Five Hundred

• Essential institution in Atheniam democratic system

• Set agenda for the Ekklesia (Assembly)

• Handeled the city’s day-to-day affairs

• 500 citizens

  • 50 members frome each of the 10 tribes

  • Chosen by random selection process

  • Served for 1 year

-       A prominent feature of the Athens skyline

-       Home to the Parthenon & other significant buildings

-       Commonly used to refer to Acropolis of Athens

o   But every Greek city had own acropolis

-       Used as religious centers, places of worship, forts

• 415 - 413 BC

• Greatest disaster of the war for Athenians

  • During Peloponnesian War

  • In 415 BC, the Athenian assembly, led by Alcibiades, voted to invade Sicily