Finals

The organization of power is the fundamental aspect in Weber’s thinking

• historical shift from charismatic over traditional to rational legal

Rejects Marx notion of teleology argues that societies develop from rationalization —> this rational state will not be reached b he everyone

Each era is defined or determined by technologies

—> any given configuration of institutions is inevitable

Rather than economy leading to society including religion he believes that society and religious beliefs shape the economy and lead it to take on a specific form

Social cohesion through creating common rituals and practices helping also through difficult moments

Social regulation through creating norms and taboos

Antidote to alienation

The migration of actions once considered sacred into the realms of the profane

Pierre Bourdieu’s argument that through lack of access to resources and education poverty and social hierarchy are transmitted to the next generation

role is a set of expectations and behaviors associated with a social position or  status, which individuals perform through their interactions with others, as  emphasized by Goffman's dramaturgy theory.

Social stigma is the disapproval of, or discrimination against, an individual or  group based on perceived characteristics that serve to distinguish them from other members of a  society.

As society becomes more rational, the pursuit of profit and efficiency becomes ends in and of themselves, potentially leading to the loss of meaning and purpose

One is the principle of economic liberalism aiming at the establishment of a self-regulating market

The other one is that principle of social protection, aiming at the conservation of man and nature as productive organization

1. Care for disabled, sick

2. Insurance of broad middle classes against the unpredictable aspects of capitalistic free market

3. Macro regulation of economic and demographic outcomes

Public servant workers who interact directly with citizens in the course of their jobs and who have substantial discretion i their execution of work

—> Vincent Dubois

Equated states with organized crime

Acceptance of state power must become part of the Habitus

People are not supposed to act violently toward each other

Supposed to suppress their emotions and use the tools available to them via the state to address conflicts

Bureaucratic vicious cycle;

Rules cannot anticipate every situation, hence different actors compete for control

Internal battles lead to to addition of new rules causing an inflation of rules

Structural-Functionalism asserts state as the head of the social organism

manifest and latent functions of bureaucracies and “bureaucratic personality”

Ritualistic, mechanism and excessive respect for rules

Weber

State is organization with legitimate monopoly over violence within a territory

Durkheim

The state is the brain of the social organism

Marx

The state is central to resolving the conflicts of capitalism (bit of an afterthought)

A series of contentious performances, displays and campaigns by which ordinary people make collective claims on others

Charles tilly

Rapid, basic transformations of socio economic and political institutions

? “Are accompanied and in part effectuated through class upheavals from below”

Executions and power of state developed over time

Now they are hidden and private with the goal of reeducation and reformation

Bring them back to conformity

Tools to acquire and use knowledge are provided to the elites

This knowledge is the source of power of the state

“Knowledge-Power”

No longer needs to directly control and threaten, can control more effectively by subtly employing knowledge power as it intersects with internalized Habitus of individuals to achieve further social control.

Three phases

Climate for change

Engage whole organization

Implement

Collective interest does not lead to collective action

free rider

A situation in which individuals benefit without contributing their fair share of effort

They can enjoy the benefits without providing the effort

Everyone benefits from collective action but individuals have an incentive to avoid contributing due to the belief that their individual contribution won’t impact the outcome

Prefer to follow or-existing attitudes, values and actions

Disconnect between expectations and reality

Some amount of distance is good but issues come when the distance grows —> economically good times lead to more agitated ESS but sometimes people’s expectation May grow more than the reality can accommodate

Conformity refers to the tendency of people to adjust their thoughts beliefs and behaviors to match the norms and expectations of a group or society to gain acceptance

By Norbert Elias

The social mechanisms through which societies evolve towards greater self-restraint

“To those who have, more will be given”

Phenomenon where initial advantages lead to cumulative advantages or disadvantages leading to greater inequality

Set of deeply ingrained habits, dispositions and tendencys that individuals acquire through their socializations and experiences within a particular social environment