Motion Sickness

Condition in which a disagreement exists between visually perceived movement and the vestibular system’s sense of movement.

Most common symptoms

Dizziness, fatigue and nausea.

Simulator Sickness

Subset of motion sickness typically experienced by pilots undergoing training for extended periods in flight simulators.

Most common symptoms

Discomfort, apathy, drowsiness, disorientation, fatigue, vomiting, etc.

1. Discomfort

2. Headache

3. Stomach awareness

4. Nausea

5. Vomiting

6. Pallor

7. Sweating

8. Fatigue

9. Drowsiness

10. Disorientation

11. Apathy

The onset of nausea, oculomotor, and/or disorientation while experiencing virtual environments in head-mounted displays, large screens, and curved screen systems.

• Non-virtual reality simulator sickness tends to be characterized by oculomotor disturbances.

• CS tends to be characterized by disorientation.

• CS can be caused by the visually-induced perception of self-motion; real self-motion is not needed.

• 4 representative scores:

  1. (N)ausea-related subscore

  2. (O)culomotor-related subscore

  3. (D)isorientation-related subscore

  4. (TS): Total Score

• SSQ is widely applied measurement to study simulator sickness (and cybersickness).

1. Several symptoms contribute to more than one category.

2. Potential over-sensitivity. Prolonged closing one’s eyes can register on the measurement.

3. Varying levels between the subcategories, only use to compare results of same type.

4. There is cross-correlation among the categories:

   More appropriate for use in correlation analysis than absolute measurement.

5. Concern over its generalization since it was developed for a military demographic.

6. Priming and demand characteristics possible.

Despite issues, the SSQ has remained the primary reported measure of cybersickness.

• Verbal single-question rating scale questionnaires to analyze symptom severity through time.

• Verbal ratings of experienced MS on a

• 20-­point scale (FMS)

• ranging from

  • 0 (no sickness at all) to

  • 20 (frank sickness)

• Found a high correlation between the SSQ-N(ausea),SSQ-T(otal Score) and FMS.

Take Away

• One-point rating scales are acceptable to monitor symptoms,

• although not as thorough or sensitive.

• Objective, low cost, continuous levels.

• No interception of exposure.

• Neither continuous nor undisturbed.

• Typically requires a specific standardized stance to be taken every few minute

• Only stance data used in analysis.

• Time till failure

• stance breaks (bpm)

• velocity of movement

• changes in position of head and/or torso.

Symptoms directly affect bodily reactions.

• Objective, low cost, continuous levels.

• No interception of exposure.

• Electrocardiogram of heart (ECG)

• Blood pressure

• Electrogastrogram of stomach (EGG)

• Respiration (RSP)

Best Promise (thus far)

• ECG and blood pressure.

• Application may become inconsistent, logic breaks.

• Interactions may be interrupted or hindered.

• Perception may be disturbed, users may become ill.

• Effectiveness

• Efficiency

• User experience