was ist der/die/das Parasit? und was sind die main groups
organismus, der auf/in einem Host lebt und von/auf dessen Kosten essen bekommt
Protozoan parasites
Parasitic worms (Helminths)
Arthropod parasites
definite / final host
sexual reproduction takes place in final host
intermediate host
developmental processes or asexual reproduction can take place in intermediate host
are there exceptions?
final hosts can be at same time intermediate hosts (e.g Trichnielle spiralis)
vectors
pure transmission takes place in / with vectors (e.g mosquito)
paratenic hosts
accumulative larvae usually enters passively (food)
—> larvae able to survive long time without affecting new environment
dead-end host
unnatural host
parasite cannot establish patent infection —> cannot complete development
adult / reproductive phase
takes place in final host
Zoonosis
infectious disease that can be transmitted between animals and humans
difference between monoxenous and heteroxenous parasite
monoxenous: completes entire life cycle within a single host specis
—> different stages in one host
heterogenous: requires multiple host species to complete lifecycle
—> different stages in different hosts
intermediate host: typically larvae / asexual stages
final host: typically mature / reproductive stages
host specificity
narrow host specificity —> infect only limited number (restricted range of hosts)
broad host specificity —> infect wide range (more adaptable to different host environments)
what are reservoir host and what populations and size can it has?
reservoir = one or more epidemiologically connected populations / environments:
in which pathogen can permanently maintained
from which infection is transmitted
populations in reservoir:
may be same or different species as target
may include vector species
size of reservoir: has no upper limits when:
constitues a maintenance community
all populations directly / indrectly connected to each other
what are Parasitic Protozoa?
heterotrophic (cannot produce own food), eukaryotic, single-celles organisms
pretty diverse, but some common features:
quick replication
genetically flexible
occuring large numbers
—> guarantees quick adaption to new conditions / host responses / environmental changes
what is binary fission?
= primary method of reproduction of prokaryotic organisms
asexual reproduction by seperation of body into new bodies
—> duplicate genetic material (DNA) —> divide in 2 parts —> each organism receives copy of DNA
What is DALY?
Disability Adjusted Life Years
-> measure of how many years you loose in comparison to healthy
-> death and life with disease
Last changed3 months ago