What is the IoT?

Supervisory control and data acquisition

• Objects communicate with people and other objects

• thighter integration between physical world and computers

• umbrella of various concepts, protocols, and technologies

• computers are sensing things for themselves

IEEE:

A network of items each embedded with sensors which are connected to the internet

ITU-T:

A global infrastructure, enabling advanced services by interconnecting things based on information and communication technologies.

EC:

The network of physical objects that contain embedded technology to communicate and sense or interact with their internal states or external environment.

• constrained devices

• mostly wireless

• huge amount of data

• improvements in the areas of efficiency, accuracy, automation, and the

  enablement of advanced applications.

• faster delivery of information

4 cmponents:

1. Sensor/Actuator

2. CPU

3. Communication

4. Power Source

Passive thing: no (internal) power supply

e.g. RFID tag, responding with short message (ID)

Active thing: can send sensor data about current conditions to the Internet (DB,

Cloud, ...) and/or can receive control signals to control the environment

Autonomous thing: no central controller needed decisions based on own sensing

• monitor cattle health status

• google maps

• wifi in malls

• autonomous driving

• IoT focuses on connecting things

• Digitalisation: connecting things with data they generate and getting new insights out of it

about 25GB/h

• data generated by usage of smart device can be seperated and sold

encompases different networks: security, light, air conditioning & heating into one IP network

the low power needed for LEDs allows them to run with power over ethernet (Poe)

this can enable the light to have other sensors with it (to track ocupancy)

backpack that allows human to control the roach like a remote controlled car

can help in disaster cases (earthquake)

backpack can have microphone or camera and therefore hear/see

• faster time to market

• higher production output

• minimise unplanned downtime

• security

• decreasing recableing costs

• improve worker productivity and safty

instead of properatory buses and protocols nowadays everything is using standardised cables ethernet and IP stack

IT

Information technology

focuses on secure dataflow

priorities: 1. security, 2. integrety, 3. Availability

security through authentication

upgrades often require outage

security vulnerability is high, hosts need constant patching

OT

Operational technoloy

monitors and controls devices and processes on physical operation

factory machines and such

traditionally properitory

priorities: 1. Availability, 2. integrety, 3. security

security through physical access

disruption directly impacts business

upgrades only during specific windows

security vulnerabilty is low as not connected to the internet and uses proprietary protocols

• implementation of open standards in the OT

• IT implements requirements of OT

• advantages: OT can easily scale

• 
  

• scale: big networks with many nodes

• security: each node can be attacked and is therefore a risk

• privacy: each sensor can be used to gather data about person

• big data and data analytics: how to work with data to gather insights and not have huge amounts of data that are stored but not used

• interoperabilty: how to make different protocols work with each other