Whichembryonallayertheepidermisoriginates.
● From ectoderm,
● From mesoderm,
● From endoderm,
● From nevroectoderm
Howmanysquaremeters(m2)istheskinsurfaceofanadult.
● 1–1,5
● 1,5–2
● 2–3
Whichlayersoftheepidermisiscomposed:
∙ stratum basalе
∙ stratum reticularе
∙ stratum spinosum
∙ stratum papillary
∙ stratum corneum
∙ stratum granulosum
Thedermisiscomposedof:
∙ stratum reticular
The color of human skin is due the pygmentes:
∙ Melanin
∙ Carotene
∙ Hemoglobin
∙ In all three
Keratopoesis is:
∙ The process of formation of the stratum corneum
∙ Keratinization of the cells in the basal layer
∙ Expansion of the spinous layer
Please, indicate non-epithelial cells in the epidermis.
● Merkel cells
● Langerhans cells
● Melanocytes
● Spinous cells
Where they are located cells of Langerhans:
∙ stratum granulos
Whatisthereasonforracedifferencesintheskincolor.
● The number of melanocytes
● The type of pigment
● The number of keratinocytes
● The location and the type of melanosomes in melanocytes
● The location and the type of melanosomes in keratinocytes
Sebaceous glands are:
● Apocrine
● Eccrine
● Holocrine
The protective function of the skin is provided by:
∙ Water-lipid mantle
∙ Desmosomo-tonofilament complex and the basement membrane
∙ Parakeratosis
∙ Elastic connective tissue fibers
∙ Resident microbial flora
∙ Melanin and keratin
∙ The deep vascular plexus
The immunological function of the skin is performed by:
∙ Langerhans cells
∙ Melanocytes
∙ Neutrophils
∙ T lymphocytes
∙ Mast cells
Langerhans cells T lymphocytes Mast cells
Please, provide rash elements which are at the level of the skin:
∙ Wheal
∙ Roseola
∙ Telangiectasia
∙ Nevus anemicus
∙ Keloid
Providevarioustypesofhemorrhagicspots:
● Petechiae
● Ecchymoses
● Nevus anemicus
● Telangiectasia
● Sufusio
Petechiae Ecchymoses Sufusio
Please, provide the thick units rash:
∙ Papule
∙ Vesicle
∙ Nodulus
∙ Vegatatio
∙ Lichenification
Papule Nodulus Wheal Vegatatio Lichenification
The waste rash elements developed:
● Without prior change in topography and density of the
skin
● In the evolution of pre-existing solid or exudative rash
units
● In the evolution of spotted rash units
Petechiais:
● Spotted rash unit
● Papular rash unit
● Exudative rash unit
Wheal is:
∙ spotted rash unit
∙ Thick rash unit
∙ Soon Transient rashes unit
∙ Exudative rash unit
Erosion is:
∙ Disturbance with the integrity of the skin, healing with scar
∙ Linear defect around the holes
∙ Surface disturbance in the integrity of the skin, healing without scar
Vesicle is:
∙ Bubble filled with clear liquid
∙ Bubble filled with pus
∙ Bubble filled with mucin
Which is In the reason for forming the vesicle:
Akantholysis
Spongiosis
Hyperkeratosis
Hipergranulosis
Dystrophy
Pustule is:
∙ Vesicle filled with hemorogic fluid
∙ Vesicle filled with clear liquid
∙ Vesicle filled with pus
Squama resulting from the:
∙ Increased or disturbed keratinization
∙ Accumulation of exudate
∙ Akantholysis
Crust is:
∙ Spotted rash unit
∙ Waste rash unit
Vegetation is due to:
● Spongiosis
● Parakeratosis
● Hyperkeratosis
● Expansion of dermal papillae
Histopathological substrate of hives is:
● Hipergranulozis
● Transient edema in the dermis
Which are predisposing conditions for pyodermas:
• Poor hygiene
• Immune deficiency
• metabolic disorders
• Often shaving
• Profuse sweating
• Chronic fungal infection of the feet
• Venous ulcers
Who is the cause of folliculitis:
● Staphylococcus
● Streptococcus
● Streptococcus and Staphylococcus
● Mycoplasmas
● Demodex folliculoru
What is clinical manifestation in Folliculitis superficialis
● Perifollicular pustule
● Papules
● Blister
● Erosion
● vesicles
By the term furunculosis is indicated:
∙Presence of multiple boils on different parts of the body
∙Relapsing appearance of boils on the body
∙Appearance of boils in the same place for an extended period of time
What is the clinical manifestation in Ecthyma
● Pustules
● superficial ulceration
● erosive lesion covered by crusts
What is the clinical manifestation in Erysipelas
● inflammatory infiltrate
● Contour erythematous and oedematous plaque
How to treat Erysipelas
systemic and local antibiotic treatment
systemic and local corticosteroid treatment
antibiotic and antifungal therapy
systemic cytostatic treatment
What is the most common location of Impetigo contagiosa
● Face
● Scalp
● Folds
● Extremities
● Trunk
What clinical examinations are necessary for pyodermas:
Complete blood count,
Differential leucocyte count
Blood glucose
C reactiveprotein (CRP)
Immunoglobulins
Urea
Creatinine
Antibiogram
What are the comorbidities in pyodermas:
Contact dermatitis
Diabetes
Mycosis
Post-tromboflebitic syndrome
Mycobacterial skin infections are • Lyme disease
• Tuberculosis
• Scarlet fever
• leprosy
• Plague
• Erysipelas
Cutaneous tuberculosis is spread by:
• lymphogenic way
• hematogenous way
• transplacental way
• Intra-canalicular
• Moves blood-brain barrier
• adjacent way
Lymphogenic way Hematogenous way Intra-canalicular Adjacent way
. Cutaneous tuberculosis is classified as:
• Primary and secondary
• Acute, subacute and chronic
• Limited and disseminated
• lupus and tuberkulides
Primary and secondary
Limited and disseminated
Lupus and tuberculids
Histological substrate in lupus is:
• epithelioid cell granuloma with caseous necrosis
• epithelioid cell granuloma without caseous necrosis
• granuloma "foreign body"
• acanthosis, spongiosis and histiocyte cell dermal infiltrate
Which of clinical diagnoses are forms of lupus • Lupus vulgaris
• Lupus erythematosus
• Tbc cutis papulo-necrotica
• Scrofuloderma
• Tbc cutis verucosa
• Tbc cutis indurativa
• Tbc cutis primaria vera
• Tbc cutis lichenoides
• Tbc cutis miliaris ulcerosa
Lupus vulgaris
Scrofuloderma
TBC cutis verrucosa
TBC cutis primaria vera
TBC cutis miliaris ulcerosa
Which of clinical diagnoses are forms of tuberkulides:
• Lupus vulgaris
TBC cutis papulo-necrotica
TBC cutis indurativa
TBC cutis lichenoides
Specify clinical forms of leprae:
• Lepra indeterminate
• Lepra tuberculoides
• Lepra lepromatosa
• Lepra borderline
Lepra indeterminate
Lepra tuberculoides
Lepra lepromatosa
Lepra borderline
n which clinical form of leprosy occur Facies leonina and elephanthiasis
graecorum
Tuberculosis is diagnosed by
• Mantoux Test
• Test Mitsuda
• Test with pencil
• Staining by Ziehl - Neelsen
• Gram stain
• Inoculation of guinea pigs
• study of the culture medium of Sabouraud
• study of the culture medium Loeffler
Mantoux test
Staining by Ziehl-Neelsen
Inoculation of guinea pigs
Study of the culture medium Loeffler
Leprosy is diagnosed by:
Test Mitsuda
Test with pencil
Which of these pathogens are dermatophytes:
• Candida spp.
• Trichophyton spp.
• Scopulariopsis brevicaulis
• Epidermophyton spp.
• Fusarium spp.
• Microsporon spp.
• Malassezia spp.
• Aspergillus spp.
Trichophyton spp. Epidermophyton spp. Microsporon spp.
Which of these pathogens are yeasts and molds:
Candida spp.
Scopulariopsis brevicaulis
Fusarium spp.
Malassezia spp.
Aspergillus spp.
Whatis affected in Tinea capitis profunda
• sebaceous glands
• apocrine sweat glands
• Hairs
• eccrine glands
• vermilion border
• Lymph nodes
Hairs
Lymph nodes
Howdoes Tinea capitis superficialis presents:
● Tumor lesions with pustules
● Alopetic plaque
● Atrophy
● Pseudoalopetic plaque with erythema and desquamation
● Dermatosclerosis
Howdoes Tinea corporis clinically expressed:
● erythematous scaly plaque with a clear contour and paler center
● nodular lesions
● lichen papules
● Blisters
How doesTinea capitis superficialis presents:
Whichanatomicalstructuresmostcommonlyaffectscandidainfection:
• Skin
• Mucous membranes
• Nails
• Perionihium
Skin
Mucous membranes
Nails
Perionychium
Which diagnostic methods used in mycology:
• Light Wood
• Native KOH preparation
• Filamentation test
• Microscopic preparation stained with methylene blue
• Microscopic preparation stained with Schiff's reagent
• Microscopic preparation stained Gram
• Culture on medium Sabouraud
• Culture testing on medium Loeffler
Light Wood
Native KOH preparation
Filamentation test
Microscopic preparation stained with Schiff’s reagent
Culture on medium Sabouraud
What are the most common complications of mycotic infections:
• Impetigo
• elephantiasis
• Eczema
• Sepsis
Which drugs are used for systemic treatment of mycosis:
• Nizoral tab.
• Gentamycin amp.
• Orungal caps.
• Trizivir tabl.
• Amphotericin B flac.
• Lamisil tab.
• Penicillin G flac.
• Urbason tabl. / Amp
• Nystatin tabl.
• Griseofulvin tabl.
• Methotrexate tabl.
Nizoral tab.
Orungal caps.
Amphotericin B flac.
Lamisil tab.
Nystatin tab.
Griseofulvin tab.
Which drugs are used for the topical treatment of mycosis:
• Nizoral cream
• Gentamycin cream
• Daktarin cream
• Acyclovir cream
• Pevaryl cream
• Lamisil cream
• Dermovate cream
• Canesten cream
• Lioton gel
Who is the agent of Herpes simplex infection:
• Staphylococcus
• Papillomavirus
• Human herpes virus type 1
• Human herpes virus type 2
• Spirocheta pallidum
• Human herpes virus type 3
How to present H.simplex infection in the acute phase:
• With grouped vesicles on erythema
• Flat papules
• With verruca
• With pustule
• Erosion
WhichdiseasescausingEpstein-Barrvirus:
• Cytomegalia
• Lymphoma Burkett
• Aphthous gingivostomatitis
• Infectious mononucleosis
• Kaposi sarcoma
• Giant condylomas
Lymphoma Burkett
Infectious mononucleosis
Provide true statements forthe classic Kaposi's sarcoma:
• It is caused by a herpes virus
• Affects young people
• There is a rapid evolution
• The most common location is in the lower limbs
• Metastatic by blood transfer
It is caused by a herpes virus
The most common location is in the lower limbs
What disease changes cause papilloma viruses:
• Verruca vulgaris
• Verruca plana juvenilis
• Condilomata acuminata
• Moluscum contagiosum
• Tuberculum mulgentium
Verruca vulgaris
Verruca plana juvenilis
Condylomata acuminata
Who is the agent of Verruca vulgaris
• H. simplex virus type I and II
• Varicella virus
What is the most common location of Verruca plana juvenilis
• Limbs
• Forehead and chin
• palmar-plantar
What is the most common location on Condilomata acuminata
• Lips
• Face
• genital
Which of the viruses cause sexually transmitted diseases
• Chlamidia trachomatis
• Human herpes virus type 8
• Human papiloma virus type 6
• Human papiloma virus type 16
Human herpes virus type 2
Human herpes virus Typ
HPV 6
Human herpes virus types 16
Tuberculum mulgentium is a viral disease that is transmitted to humans by: • Bovine animals
• Sheep and goats
• Cats and dogs
• Ornamental birds reared at home
• Aquarium fishes
• Bovine animals
.Which methods and medicaments are used to treat herpes infections:
• Aldara cream
• Famvir cream
• Efudix cream
• Aciclovir tabl.
• Isoprinosine tabl.
• Cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen
• Electrocoagulation
• Laser Therapy
Acyclovir cream
Famvir cream
Isoprinosine tablets
.Which methods and medicaments are used for treatment of papilloma viral infections:
Aldara cream
Efudix cream
Cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen
Electrocoagulation
Laser therapy
Which of the following dermatophyte zoonoses caused by ticks:
• Scabies
• Larva migrans
• Pediculosis
• Іxodiasis
• Trombidiasis
• Ankylostomiasis
Scabies
Ixodiasis
Trombidiasis
Rashes in scabies are:
• erythematous-squamous plaques
• Skabious tunnel
• miliary papule
• excoriation
• Bullous efflorescence
• Polymorphic erythematous-squamous
What are the most common places of localization of scabies rash in adults:
• Kapilitsium
• hands and feet
• umbilicus
• Back of the torax
• On the Penis
• Axillary folds
• Breast
• Wrists
• spaces between the fingers
Hands and feet Umbilicus
On the penis
Axillary folds
Breast
Wrists
Spaces between the fingers
The most common complications are Scabies:
• Herpes simplex
• malignancy
• Nephropathy
• pyoderma
• Akarofobiya
Eczema
Pyoderma
Acrophobia
The cutaneous manifestations of Lyme disease are:
• Erythema chr. migrans
• Erythema anulare centrifugum
• Acrodermatitis chr. atrophicans
• Acrodermatitis papulosa eruptiva inf.
• Morphea (Sclerodermia placata)
Erythema chr. migrans
Acrodermatitis chr. atrophicans
Whatarethecausesofpediculosis: • Ixodes ricinus
• Pediculus capitis
• Pediculus vestimenti
• Demodex folliculorum
• Phthirius pubis
Pediculus capitis
Pediculus vestimenti
Phthirus pubis
Where to look for clinical signs of pediculosis caused by Pediculus capitis:
• In head
• In back of the head
• on the back
• Behind the ears
• In pubis
• clothes
• gaps between fingers
In back of the head
Behind the ears
Whatarethesymptomsofchronicpediculosis:
• Maculae coeruleae
• Cutis vagabundorum
• Impetigo contagiosa
• Ecthyma
• Plica polonica
Maculae coeruleae
Cutis vagabundorum
Plica polonica
Whatisthebasicrequirementforproperandsuccessfultreatmentofscabies:
• Unconditional treat all contact
• Treatment of patients with 2 courses
• Mandatory bathing, dressing and thermal processing of clothes and underwear
• Refurbishment of focal infections
Unconditionally treat all contact
Mandatory bathing, dressing, and thermal processing of clothes and underwear
The treatment of pediculosis is performed by:
• NIX
• Antibiotic cream
• corticosteroid cream
• The insecticide lotion
• Climatotherapy
NIX
The insecticide lotion
Hivesis:
• Thick rash unit
• Exudative
• Spot
• Soon-transient
• Rash unit due to skin hypertrophy
Thick rash unit
Soon-transient
Lichenificationisaclinicalmanifestationof:
• Acute Eczema vulgare
• Chronic Eczema vulgare
• Subacute Eczema vulgare
• Atopic Dermatitis
• Dermatitis seborrhoides
Chronic Eczema vulgare
Atopic Dermatitis
OedemaQuinckeaffectsmostoften:
• Locations with loose connective tissue
• Kapilitium
• Smooth skin
Locations with loose connective tisse
UrticariaandOedemaQuinckeoccursonthefollowingimmunological mechanisms:
• I type - IgE mediated
• II type - cytotoxic
• III type - immunocomplex
• IV type - cell mediated
I type - IgE mediated
Eczemavulgareaffectsmostoften:
• Seborrheic areas
• The folds
• Areas exposed to contact with allergens
• Lower limbs
• Hands
Areas exposed to contact with allergens
Eczemavulgareproceedsasfollowsimmunologicalmechanism:
• I type - Ig mediated
• IV type – delayed
IV type - delayed
Etiological aspects of seborrheic dermatitis are:
• Malassezia furfur
• Staphylococci
• Viruses
• Contact allergies
• Genetic predisposition
• Hormonal dependence
Malassezia furfur
Genetic predisposition
Hormonal dependence
Seborrheicdermatitispresentswith:
• Erythema
• Desquamation
• blisters
• Follicular hyperkeratosis
• Androgenic alopecia
• Leakage of lymph
Erythema
Desquamation
What are the manifestations of atopic symptom complex:
• Asthma
• Hay fever
• Arthralgia
• Dermatitis
• Seasonal conjunctivitis
• Painful nodules on lower legs
• Haracteropathy
Asthma
Hay fever
Dermatitis
Seasonal conjunctivitis
Haracteropathy
Which of the following factors can trigger itching in atopic dermatitis?
• inhaled allergens
• food allergens
• psychic overvoltage
• medications
• trauma
• bath in cold water
• infections
Inhaled allergens
Food allergens
Psychic overvoltage
Infections
Atopic dermatitis in children affects most often:
• Folds
• Gluteus
• palms and soles
• Extremities
Folds
Gluteus
Extremities
Face
Provide the most common adverse drug reactions to systemic corticosteroids:
• Cushing's Syndrome
• Hypertension
• Hyperglycemia
• Hirsutism
• Osteoporosis
Cushing’s syndrome
Hypertension
Hyperglycemia
Osteoporosis
Provide the most common side effects with use of topical corticosteroids:
• Skin atrophy
• Stretch Marks
• perioral dermatitis
• telangiectasia
• Bacterial, fungal, and viral skin infections
• hyperpigmentation
• Hypersensitivity to the topical corticosteroids
Skin atrophy
Stretch marks
Perioral dermatitis
Telangiectasia
Bacterial, fungal, and viral skin infections Hyperpigmentation
Hypersensitivity to topical corticosteroids
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