09_Risk Perception

Antwort: Rauchen, Klettern (Smoking, Climbing)

• Beispiel: Rauchen kann zu Lungenkrebs führen (Smoking can lead to lung cancer).

• English Translation: What are typical events or behaviors that can have negative consequences?

• Answer: Smoking, Climbing

• Example: Smoking can lead to lung cancer.

Antwort: "Risiko" eines Skiunfalls (Risk of having a skiing accident)

• Beispiel: Wahrscheinlichkeit, bei einem Skisturz verletzt zu werden (Probability of getting injured in a skiing accident).

• English Translation: How is the probability of a negative event measured?

• Answer: "Risk" of having a skiing accident

• Example: Probability of getting injured in a skiing accident.

Antwort: Negativer Erwartungswert (Negative expected value)

• Beispiel: Erwarteter Verlust im Casino (Expected loss at the casino).

• English Translation: What does the product of damage and probability mean?

• Answer: Negative expected value

• Example: Expected loss at the casino.

Antwort: Unterschiedliche Gewichtung von Risiken (Different weighting of risks)

• Beispiel: Langfristige Risiken wie Klimawandel vs. kurzfristige Risiken wie Pandemien (Long-term risks like climate change vs. short-term risks like pandemics).

• English Translation: How do long-term and short-term risk perceptions differ according to WEF?

• Answer: Different weighting of risks

• Example: Long-term risks like climate change vs. short-term risks like pandemics.

Antwort: Aktienmarktrenditen (Stock market returns)

• Beispiel: Hohe Schwankungen im Wert von Aktien (High fluctuations in stock values).

• English Translation: What is an example of high variance in consequences?

• Answer: Stock market returns

• Example: High fluctuations in stock values.

Antwort: DOSPERT-Skala (DOSPERT Scale)

• Beispiel: Messung von Risikoverhalten im Bereich Finanzen (Measuring risk behavior in the financial domain).

• English Translation: Which scale measures domain-specific risk behavior?

• Answer: DOSPERT Scale

• Example: Measuring risk behavior in the financial domain.

Antwort: Risikoverhalten in simulierten Szenarien (Risk behavior in simulated scenarios)

• Beispiel: Aufblasen eines virtuellen Ballons bis zur Grenze (Inflating a virtual balloon to the limit).

• English Translation: What does the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) show?

• Answer: Risk behavior in simulated scenarios

• Example: Inflating a virtual balloon to the limit.

Antwort: Risikoverhalten nimmt mit dem Alter ab (Risk taking declines with age)

• Beispiel: Ältere Menschen neigen dazu, weniger riskante Investitionen zu tätigen (Older people tend to make less risky investments).

• English Translation: How does risk behavior change with age?

• Answer: Risk taking declines with age

• Example: Older people tend to make less risky investments.

Antwort: Männer nehmen mehr Risiken als Frauen (Men take more risks than women)

• Beispiel: Männer zeigen häufiger antisoziales Verhalten wie Kriminalität (Men more often exhibit antisocial behavior like crime).

• English Translation: What are the differences between men and women in risk behavior?

• Answer: Men take more risks than women

• Example: Men more often exhibit antisocial behavior like crime.

Antwort: Fragebögen und Verhaltenstests (Questionnaires and behavioral tasks)

• Beispiel: DOSPERT-Skala und BART (DOSPERT Scale and BART).

• English Translation: What methods exist to measure risk behavior?

• Answer: Questionnaires and behavioral tasks

• Example: DOSPERT Scale and BART.

Antwort: Positive Korrelation (Positive correlation)

• Beispiel: Hohe Risiken werden oft mit hohen Gewinnen assoziiert (High risks are often associated with high gains).

• English Translation: How do risk and benefit correlate in perception?

• Answer: Positive correlation

• Example: High risks are often associated with high gains.

Antwort: Bewertung von Risiken basierend auf emotionaler Reaktion (Judging risks based on emotional reaction)

• Beispiel: Geringeres Risikoempfinden bei positiven Gefühlen (Lower perceived risk with positive feelings).

• English Translation: What is the affect heuristic?

• Answer: Judging risks based on emotional reaction

• Example: Lower perceived risk with positive feelings.

Antwort: Unterschätzung eigener negativer Ereignisse (Underestimation of one's own negative events)

• Beispiel: Glaube, weniger wahrscheinlich in einen Autounfall verwickelt zu sein als andere (Belief in being less likely to be in a car accident than others).

• English Translation: What is the "unrealistic optimism" phenomenon?

• Answer: Underestimation of one's own negative events

• Example: Belief in being less likely to be in a car accident than others.

Antwort: Vermeidung von Handlungen, die potenziellen Schaden verursachen könnten (Avoiding actions that could cause potential harm)

• Beispiel: Eltern, die Impfungen vermeiden, um ihre Kinder vor vermeintlichen Risiken zu schützen (Parents avoiding vaccinations to protect their children from perceived risks).

• English Translation: What does "Do no Harm" mean in the context of anti-vaxxers?

• Answer: Avoiding actions that could cause potential harm

• Example: Parents avoiding vaccinations to protect their children from perceived risks.

Antwort: Bevorzugung der Risikobeseitigung gegenüber der Risikominderung (Preference for risk elimination over risk reduction)

• Beispiel: Gesetz zur Beseitigung gefährlicher Abfälle (Law for the cleanup of hazardous waste).

• English Translation: What is the pseudo-certainty effect?

• Answer: Preference for risk elimination over risk reduction

• Example: Law for the cleanup of hazardous waste.

Antwort: Anpassung des Verhaltens an wahrgenommenes Risiko (Adjusting behavior to perceived risk)

• Beispiel: Mehr Sicherheitsmaßnahmen führen zu riskanterem Verhalten (More safety measures lead to riskier behavior).

• English Translation: What does the "risk homeostasis" hypothesis state?

• Answer: Adjusting behavior to perceived risk

• Example: More safety measures lead to riskier behavior.

Antwort: Davy-Lampen in Kohleminen (Davy lamps in coal mines)

• Beispiel: Anstieg der Unfälle nach Einführung sicherer Lampen (Increase in accidents after the introduction of safer lamps).

• English Translation: What is an example of risk compensation in history?

• Answer: Davy lamps in coal mines

• Example: Increase in accidents after the introduction of safer lamps.

Antwort: Rückgang der Unfälle nach dem Wechsel (Decrease in accidents after the change)

• Beispiel: Unfallrate sank um 40 % (Accident rate dropped by 40%).

• English Translation: How did the change of driving direction in Sweden affect the accident rate?

• Answer: Decrease in accidents after the change

• Example: Accident rate dropped by 40%.

Antwort: Airbags, Sicherheitsgurte, Fahrradhelme (Airbags, seat belts, bike helmets)

• Beispiel: Mehr Risiko beim Tragen eines Fahrradhelms (More risk-taking when wearing a bike helmet).

• English Translation: Which safety measures lead to risk compensation?

• Answer: Airbags, seat belts, bike helmets

• Example: More risk-taking when wearing a bike helmet.

Antwort: Sicherheitsmaßnahmen führen oft zu höherem Risikoverhalten (Safety measures often lead to higher risk behavior)

• Beispiel: Einführung von Airbags führte zu aggressiverem Fahren (Introduction of airbags led to more aggressive driving).

• English Translation: What is the principle of risk compensation?

• Answer: Safety measures often lead to higher risk behavior

• Example: Introduction of airbags led to more aggressive driving.