Q 6-10

The bottom-up approach in the Paris Agreement is characterized by:

1. Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)

• Countries set their own climate targets

• Voluntary commitments based on national circumstances

• Regular updates and increasing ambition

1. Flexibility

• Allows countries to determine their own implementation methods

• Accommodates different national capabilities

• Enables broader participation

1. Paris Agreement Features

• Global stocktake mechanism

• Transparency framework

• Support for developing nations

• Regular review and enhancement of commitments

1. Agriculture

• Crop yield changes

• Shifting growing seasons

• Increased pest pressure

• Water scarcity impacts

1. Coastal Communities and Infrastructure

• Sea level rise

• Increased storm intensity

• Coastal erosion

• Infrastructure damage

1. Water Resources

• Changed precipitation patterns

• Drought frequency

• Water quality impacts

• Groundwater depletion

1. Tourism

• Snow-dependent activities

• Coastal tourism

• Changes in seasonal patterns

• Extreme weather impacts

1. Public Health

• Heat-related illness

• Disease vector changes

• Air quality impacts

• Food security issues

Key elements:

1. Historical Responsibility

• Acknowledges different historical contributions to climate change

• Recognizes developed countries' larger historical emissions

1. Varying Capabilities

• Different economic and technical capabilities

• Consideration of development needs

1. Implementation

• Different obligations for developed and developing countries

• Financial and technical support mechanisms

• Technology transfer provisions

1. Evolution

• Dynamic interpretation over time

• Maintains fairness while encouraging action

Opportunities:

1. Renewable Energy

• Declining costs

• Technological improvements

• Storage solutions

• Grid integration

1. Energy Efficiency

• Industrial processes

• Building standards

• Transport electrification

• Smart grid technology

Constraints:

1. Infrastructure

• Existing fossil fuel infrastructure

• Grid limitations

• High capital costs

1. Technical

• Intermittency issues

• Storage limitations

• Grid stability challenges

1. Economic

• Stranded assets

• Investment needs

• Market barriers

1. Separate People from the Problem

• Focus on issues, not personalities

• Maintain professional relationships

• Address emotions constructively

• Clear communication

1. Focus on Interests, Not Positions

• Understand underlying needs

• Look for shared interests

• Consider multiple options

• Think long-term

1. Invent Options for Mutual Gain

• Brainstorm creative solutions

• Look for win-win opportunities

• Consider multiple alternatives

• Expand the pie before dividing it

1. Use Objective Criteria

• Base decisions on fair standards

• Use market value, expert opinion

• Reference precedent

• Apply scientific judgment

1. Know Your BATNA (Best Alternative To a Negotiated Agreement)

• Understand your fallback position

• Strengthen your alternatives

• Assess other party's BATNA

• Use as negotiation leverage