What is an organic molecules and what is an inorganic molecules? A
An organic molecules is a compound that contains carbon and are joined to hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur and iron.
Inorganic molecules that do not contain chain of Carbon atoms
Types of organic molecules
Lipids
Protein
Nucleic acid
Carbohydrates
Vitamins
Types of inorganic compounds
Water
minerals
fertilizers
ORGANIC MOLECULES
What are carbohydrates? And how are they made?
These are biomolecules that consists of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
They are made up of Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio of H:O -2:1 meaning a carbohydrates molecules have twice as many hydrogen as atoms as oxygen atoms.
Eg. Glucose is carbon(6), hydrogen (12) and oxygen (6)
Name the three types of carbohydrates classification.( the building block of carbohydrates)
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
Importance of carbohydrates.
They are the most important source of energy.
What are lipids? And their state at room temperature
Lipids area fats and oil, That contains hydrogen, oxygen and carbon.
Oils are liquid at room temperature.
Fats are solid at room temperature.
Name the two types of fats and difine them.
Saturated and unsaturated fats
Saturated fats are lipids that have only single bond in their carbon chain
Eg C-C-C-C
Unsaturated fats are lipids that contain at least a double bond in them.
Eg. C=C=C=C
Which one is healthier between the two types of fats and why?
Unsaturated fats are healthier because due to their
The the use of fats in our body is?
Used as the secondary source of energy, they are ot the first source because they cause health issues.
Used for insulation of temperature
Used for protection and cushioning
Explain the health disease that come with high intake with fats.
Too much fat intake may result in the fat depositing in the coronary arteries , this fat deposit is called an Atheroma and this cause the narrowing of the coronary arteries and this is called atherosclerosis .
When calcium is deposited on your atheroma the deposit hardens and this is called thrombus. The thrombus causes damage to the coronary arteries which leads to blood pallets accumulate on the clot/ fat deposit which causes insufficient blood supply and oxygen to the heart.
This result in heart attacks or Angia which is chest pains during vigorous activities
Name the risks to heart disease.
Age
Heredity
Smoking
What is protein?
Organic substances made up of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and some additional which are Sulphur, iron and phosphorus
=I PHONS
What is the monomers of protein?
Amino acids
What is the bond that joins amino acids?
A polymers of amino acids are called?
Polypeptide
Name three examples of protein
Enzymes
Hormones
Hemoglobin
HEH
Why are protein IMPORTANT?
Because they are found in
cell membrane
Cell organelles
Chromosome
Cytoplasm
Protein are the last source of energy
What is an enzyme?
An enzyme is a biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions, By modifying substances called substrates.
What are Catalysts
this is a substance that increases the speed of a chemical reaction without being changed or completely used up in the process.
Name the two types of reactions that enzymes can perform.
Anabolic reaction which is where substance are built up.
Catabolic reaction are the ones that break down substance.
This is an anabolic reaction where substance are built.
This a Catabolic reaction where substance are broken down.
Explain the induced fit hypothesis.
The induced fit hypothesis states that and enzyme has an active site that is complimentary to a specific substrate. The substrate simply fits into a enzyme and either the catabolic or anabolic reaction happens.
What are Nucleic acids?
This are organic substances responsible for the storage of genetic information and protein synthesis.
Name the two types of Nucleic acids
DNA -> deoxyribonucleic acid
RNA -> ribonucleic acid
Name the 3 types of DNA.
Nucleic DNA
mitochondria DNA
Chloroplastic DNA
What is the monomer of DNA.
Nucleotide
His is the monomer of DNA
Name the different types of nitrogenous bases.
Ardennes
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine
What are nucleotides linked by.
Hydrogen bonds.
Name the two nitrogenous bond and number of hydrogen bonds.
Adenine and thymine, 2 hydrogen bond
Guanine and cytosine, 3 hydrogen bonds
What is RNA?
It is an organic molecule made up of nucleotides.
Name the nitrogenous bases.
Adenine
Uracil
What are Vitamins
They are organic compounds which boost or improve the immune system of the body
What are the types of Fat solube vitamins
Vitamin A, D, E and K
What are the types of water solube vitamins
Vitamin B and C
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