The superior thoracic aperture is posteriorly bounded with?
Vertebra T1
Superior thoracic aperture is bounded laterally with?
1st pair of ribs and then cartilages
Superior thoracic aperture is anteriorly bounded with?
The superior border of the Manubrium
Inferior thoracic aperture is posteriorly bounded with?
12th thoracic vertebra
Inferior thoracic aperture is posterolaterllay bounded with?
11th and 12th pair of ribs
Inferior thoracic aperture is anterolaterally bounded with?
The joint costal cartilages of ribs 7-10 forming the costal margins
Inferior thoracic aperture is anterioly bounded with?
Xiphisternal joint
What are the major structures of the superior mediastinum from anterior to posterior?
Thymus
Veins
Arteries
Airway
Alimentary tract
Lymphatic trunks
Which veins are contents of the superior mediastinum?
Brachiocephalic veins and svc
Which arteries are contents of the superior mediastinum?
Arch of aorta and roots of its major branches- the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery and left subclavian artery
Which nerves are contents of the superior mediastinum?
Vagus and phoenix nerves and the cardiac plexus of nerves
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
What is the position of the superior mediastinum
Superior to the transverse thoracic plane
Passes through the sternly angle and junction of vertebrae T4 and T5
Where is the thymus located
Inferior part of the neck and anterior part of the superior mediastinum
Lies posterior to the manubrium and extends into the anterior mediastinum
Which major blood vessels supply the thymus
Mainly the anterior intercostal and anterior mediastinal branches of the internal thoracic arteries
Left brachiocephalic veins, internal thoracic and inferior thyroid veins
The brachiocephalic veins are formed by what veins?
Internal Jugular and subclavian veins
The left and right brachiocephalic vein join to form what?
The superior vena cava on the right side of upper chest
Where do the brachiocephalic veins unite?
At the level of inferior border of the first right costal cartilage
The mediastinum extends from?
Extends superiorinferiorly from the superior thoracic aperture to the diaphragm
Where is the middle mediastinum located
Centrally in the thoracic cavity
What does the middle mediastinum contain?
Pericardium, heart, origins of great vessels, various nerves and smaller vessels
Pericardium is what
Fibroserozs sac which surrounds the heart and the roots of great vessels
What is the fibrous pericardium
Is a thought CT outer layer that defines the boundaries of the middle mediastinum
What is the serous pericardium
Consists of two parts: parietal layer- lines the inner surface of fibrous
Visceral layer- adheres to the heart and forms its outer covering
Where does the pulmonary trunk arise?
Starts at the conus arteriosus of the right ventricle
Where is the pulmonary trunk located
Anterior to the ascending aorta and runs posteriorly and crosses the ascending aorta to the left
What branches does the pulmonary trunk give off
Right pulmonary artery and left pulmonary artery
Where does the pulmonary trunk give off its branches
At the level between T5 and T6 vertebrae
Where does the right pulmonary artery run and pass through
Runs underneath aortic arch and passes behind the superior vena cava to the right lung hilum
Where does the left pulmonary artery run through
Arches over the leftish bronchus before reaching to the left lung
What is the origin of the ascending Aorta
Aortic semilunar valve which seperates the ascending aorta from the left ventricle
Where does the ascending aorta run through
Ascends anteriorly and tongue right, passing posterior to the left half of the sternum where it becomes the aortic arch (at the sternly angle)
What branches does the ascending aorta give off
The left and right coronary arteries
Where is the superior vena cava located
Within the pericardial sac
Where doesnthe superior vena cava pass through
Passes through the fibrous pericardium at approximately the level of the second costal cartilage and enters the right atrium at the lower level of the third costal cartilage
Where does the inferior vena cava pass through
Enters the fibrous pericardium
A short portion of this vessel is within the pericardial sac before entering the right atrium
What are the contents of the superior mediastinum
Thymus, trachea, esophagus, thoracic duct, aortic arch, veins (superior vena cava, brachiocephalic, left superior intercostal), nerves (vagus, phrenic, left recurrent laryngeal branch of left vagus nerve), lymphatics, other small arteries and veins
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