Introduction

Mechanization

• Mechanization of the production by using water and steam

• Central power production -> point of failure

• 1784: first powered loom

Electrification

• Distribution of energy; decentralisation

• Labor-based mass production

• 1910: Ford and Taylor enable mass production

• Division of the thinking head and the working hand

Automation

• Introduction of electronics and computers

• Replacing manual work with standalone robotic systems

• 1968: 1st programmable logic controller

Cyber-Physical Systems and IoT

• IoT, cloud computing, AI, machine learning

• smart production

• “Vision of industrial production in the future”

• Volatile markets and cost pressure

• Shortage of skilled labor

• Demographic change

• Resource-efficient and urban production

• Growing importance of value networks

• Shorter product lifecycles

• Increasing product variety

• Individualization and lot size 1

• Industry 4.0

• Digital factory

• Lean production

• Resource efficiency

• Human-centered

• Transformable factory

• Modular and mobile factory

• Response to customer requests

• Car: aggregated fleet data

• Operational history

• Maintenance history

• Real-time operational data

• FMEA

• CAD model

• FEA model

• Historic data

• “experience”

• machine learning

Knowledge of the working principles

• contain embedded software

• consist of sensors and actuators

• evaluate and store collected data

• are connected to each other with

  communication devices in local and global

  networks

• use and offer available data and services to

  support virtual planning

• and have a human-machine interface

1. Analytical planning: bottom-up, Property -> General building plan -> functional scheme -> Rough layout

2. Synthetic planning: top-down, Detailed layout -> Equipment plan -> Plant plan -> Property use plan

-> Approaches are alternating