What is “extrophia vesicae urinariae”:
a) Trauma of urinary bladder
b) Absence of urinary bladder
c) Type of oncological disease
2. What is hemimelia?
a) Congenital deficiency on part of the extremity
b) Development only of the distal part of the extremity
c) Congenital deficiency of the whole extremity
Who introduced washing hands with CaCl2 before operation procedures and is described as the “savior of mothers”?
a) Ignaz Semmelweis
b) Oliver Holmes
c) Joseph Lister
4. What is NOMA?
a) Liquefactive necrosis of perineum
b) Liquefactive necrosis of fingers
c) Liquefactive necrosis of face (cheek)
5. Atrophy of calf muscles, hair loss and nail thickening may be recognized in:
a) Arterial insufficiency
b) Postphlebitic syndrome
c) Liver cirrhosis
6. Why do we use heparin in peripheral artery embolism?
a) To reduce the enlargement of thrombus around the emboli
b) To dissolve the emboly
c) To stimulate the fibrinolysis
7. What is the purpose of drainage in a contaminated wound?
a) To reduce the pain
b) To speed up the healing
c) To prevent inflammation
8. What is true about the cosmetic appearance of the wound scar?
a) The scar looks worse a few weeks after suturing the wound than in the first week after suturing
b) Modeling of the scar is faster in younger people than in elderly
c) Epithelial foci of an inflammatory reaction can be found around the wound sutures
9. Which condition will have acute renal failure?
a) Crush syndrome
b) Traumatic decollement
c) Tumor of the kidney
Growth factor activates:
a) Macrophages
b) Fibroblasts
c) Leucocytes
. Which of the following is a chronic specific infection?
a) Actinobacteriosis
b) Anthrax
c) Tuberculosis
) Tuberculosis
12. In which disease is the infection mainly localized?
a) Gas gangrene
b) Tuberculosis
c) Tetanus
13. What is the skin in traumatic decollement?
a) Hot and red
b) Hot and cyanotic
c) Pale and cold
14. Which is the most frequent form of tetanus?
a) Cerebral
b) Localized
c) Generalized
What type of bacteria is *Mycobacterium tuberculosis*?
a) Obligate aerobes
b) Facultative anaerobes
c) Anaerobic
What is *Labium leporinum completa*?
a) Alveolar crest is affected in combination with lip 2
b) Bilateral lip dysfunction
c) Only the lip is affected without the alveolar crest
Progenetic factors for congenital diseases are:
a) Which damage germ cells as they mature in genetically healthy individuals
b) When transmitted by one of the two parents
c) When the embryo is exposed to viruses
3. Who first introduced the use of 0.5% carbolic acid solution as an antiseptic in surgery?
b) Joseph Lister
c) Ernst von Bergmann
4. In pressure ulcers, the skin is initially:
a) Warm, red and painful
b) Reddened but cold and with delayed capillary filling
c) Cyanotic, cold and painless
5. Raynaud disease is:
a) Vascular disease
b) Type of rheumatoid arthritis
c) Lymphatic circulation disorder
6. Where do we use Homan’s sign test?
a) Patency of the deep veins is examined
b) Dorsiflexion calf sign test for deep vein thrombosis
c) Pressure in femur region for deep vein thrombosis
7. What is the main cause in Crush syndrome?
a) Bone fracture
b) Artery embolism
c) Muscle trauma
8. Which cells synthesize collagen in wound regeneration:
a) macrophages
b) fibroblast
c) gigantic cells
Which wound has the lowest infectious potential:
a) Bite wounds
b) Gun shot wound
c) Cut wound
d) Stabbing wound
After intravenous infusion of 2000ml fluids after trauma and the patient has a blood pressure of 110/70. Which sign has the greatest clinical significance for the assessment of resuscitation:
a) Diuresis over 30ml/h
b) Drop in heart rate below 100 beats/min
c) Regaining consciousness
Which diseases are acute specific infection:
a) antrax
b) tuberculosis
c) tetanus
In acute hematogenous osteomyelitis the x-ray examination is positive:
a) 7 days from beginning of disease
b) 10 days from beginning of disease
c) 14 days from beginning of disease
13. What is the leading factor in determining severity of burned trauma:
a) Depth of trauma
b) Total area of trauma
c) General condition of the patient
14. Which of the following statements are true for tetanus:
a) Tetanus is a vaccine preventable disease
b) In tetanus a site of infection is not always present
c) Both
15. When to undertake surgical treatment for tuberculosis:
a) Massive hemoptysis, pulmonary cavernosis
b) Pleural tuberculosis, pneumothorax, pyothorax
c) Both are true
What is Spina bifida cranialis:
a) Undeveloped vertebral arch
b) Cerebral hernia
c) Type of torticollis
What is wilkies syndrome
a) Pancreatic disorder
b) Colon disorder
c) Congenital arterio-mesenteric obstruction of the duodenum
Who first launched the thesis that clinical observations should be compared with the postmortal finding
a) Andreas Vesalius
b) Djovani Morgagni
c) John Hunter
In ischemic gangrene of the limbs, the coloration of the skin in bluish brown is due to:
a) Tissue ischemia
b) The diffusion of the disintegrated hemoglobin pigment
c) Venous thrombosis
Burger/Buerger disease is caused by:
a) smoking
b) hypercholesterolemia
c) consumption of salty foods
What is Maller symptom in thrombophlebitis:
a) accelerated pulse
b) fever
c) rapid breathing
Which statement for gunshot wound is true:
a) We have to suture it
b) There is lack of infection
c) None of the above
Which cells are involved in wound healing?
a) Epithelial and endothelial cells
b) Platelets and fibroblasts
c) Endothelial and inflammatory cells
9. In Crush syndrome there is:
a) Embolism
b) Respiratory disorder
c) Acute renal failure
10. Hypothermia occurs at internal body temperature:
a) under 35°C
b) under 32°C
c) 30°C
11. Which disease is not acute infection?
a) Anthrax
b) Carbuncle
c) Actinobacteriosis
12. What is Рhlegmon Ludowici :
a) Type of osteomyelitis
b) Phlegmon on the floor of the oral cavity
c) Cheek necrosis
Where are the gas bubbles located in gas gangrene:
a) In connective tissue
b) In muscles
c) In purulent exudate
Which of the following statements are true for tetanus:
a) Particular attention is needed in diabetic patient, patients on immunosuppressive therapy, stab and gunshot wounds
b) In case of tick bites and contaminated wounds- TAP
15. Which form of tuberculosis is characterized by cold abscess:
a) Pulmonary form
b) Skin form
c) Bone and joint tuberculosis
1. Which of the following is an absolute indication for surgical treatment:
a) еpispadias glandis
b) еpispadias corporis glandis
c) еpispadias totalis
2. Which of the following describes the hypospadies:
a) Anomaly of the foot
b) Type of frostbite
c) Anomaly of the urethra
3. Кой хирург внедрява в хирургията основите на научната медицина? Which of the following surgeons introduces the medicine based on science into surgery
a) John Warren
b) William Morton
Which from the following characteristics is typical for the ulcers:
a) Chronic infection
b) Reduced healing potential
c) High tissue resistance
5. Болка, бледа и студена кожа, липса на пулс и парестезия са налице при: Pain, pale and cold skin, lack of pulse and
paresthesia are present in which of the following diseases:
a) Acute venous thrombosis
b) Acute arterial ischemia
c) Crush syndrome
6. Which of the following symptoms is present in the Michaelis sign for thrombophlebitis
a) Increased heart rate
b) Increased breathing rate
c) fever
. How long does it take for a 2nd degree burns to heal:
a) 10 – 12 days
b) 30 days
c) 2 – 3 months
8. Which of the following characteristics must be present in a surgical-grade suture?
a) Resistance to biological corrosion
b) Constant volume inside the tissues
c) Both strong and elastic
Which of the following symptoms is present in luxation?
a) Extremity in obligatory position
b) Deformation of the joint
c) The dislocated surface is in an atypical position
10. The genetic differences in transplantations are due to:
a) Differences in the composition of proteins
b) The type of the transplanted organ
c) The number of proteins
For the skin lesion in anthrax is typical that it is:
a) unpainful
b) painful
c) very painful
“Locking ” of the jaw is typical sign for:
a) Cleft palate
b) tetanus
c) venomous snake bite
What type of bacteria causes gas gangrene:
a) Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria
b) Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria
c) Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria
14. Which of the following can be used to diagnose tetanus disease:
a) Typical clinical presentation
b) Injection of a sample of the patient on test animals
15. What condition is traumatic decolman?
a) Detachment of the skin and subcutaneous tissues from the underlying tissues
b) Crushing of the skin and subcutaneous tissues due to mechanical trauma
1. Hirschprung’s disease represents the following:
a) Type of frostbite
b) Vascular disease
c) Congenital anomaly of the large bowe
2. The air in the O.R. can be source of infection:
a) Very often
b) The statement is not true
c) Very rarely
3. How long after the beginning of the surgical procedure does perforation of the gloves occurs:
a) Up to 30 minutes
b) Up to 2 minutes
c) After the 2nd hour
4. Sequestrum represents:
a) A surgical instrument
b) Necrotic bone
c) Inflammatory mediator
5. Венозната хипертензия на периферните вени се дължи на: Venous hypertension in the peripheral veins can be due tu:
a) Defect in the venous valves
b) Major dysfunction in the muscle pump
c) Congenital heart failure
Trendelenburg`s sign is used for examination of which of the following:
a) Capillary pulse
b) The function of the venous valves
c) Muscle tone
7. What type of complication is the infection in patients with open trauma:
a) Immediate complication
b) Late complication
c) Possible complicati
Which of the following solution is best suitable for lavage of fresh wounds?
a) Povidone-iodine
b) 5% carbolic acid
c) 0.9% NaCl solution
9. Typical for gunshot wounds is which of the following:
a) The higher the elasticity of the tissues, the smaller the trauma is
b) The higher the elasticity of the tissues, the bigger the trauma is
c) The lower the elasticity of the tissues, the smaller the trauma is
10. What type of transplantation can occur between identical tweens:
a) Syngenetic transplantation
b) Xenogenictransplantation
c) Alogenic transplatation
Which of the following substances can provoke fever?
a) Bacterial toxins
b) Antigen-antibody complex
c) Interleukin-1 (substance released from macrophages)
c) Interleukin-1 (substance released from macrophages) -if one answer only c
12. Which of the following diseases can cause the formation of “cold” abscess:
a) Joint tuberculosis
b) Spinal tuberculosis
c) Cavernous lung tuberculosis
13. What type of toxins do the gas gangrene bacteria produce?
a) Hematotoxins that cause necrosis of connective tissues and muscles and lead to thrombosis, hemolysis, damage of heart,
liver and kidneys
b) Endotoxins which lead to disturbance in circulation and endotoxic shock
c) Neurotoxins which block the release of neurotransmitters and lead to severe muscle spasms
14. Which of the following characteristics is typical for tuberculosis?
a) Chronic specific inflammatory disease
b) Chronic non-specific inflammatory disease
c) Acute specific inflammatory disease
15. What is another name for Crush Syndrome? a) Traumatic rhabdomyolysis
b) Bywaters’s syndrome
1. Which of the following characterizes external hydrocephalus?
a) Condition in which the choroid plexus produces increased cerebrospinal fluid combined with slow resorption
b) Obstruction of Magendi`s,Lushka`s and Monreax`s foramina.
c) Presence of purulent meningitis.
2. The choice of method for sterilization depends on:
a) The number of instruments
b) The characteristics of the material to be sterilized
c) The surgeon’s preferences
3. Which of the following mechanisms of infection transmission is most common in the operating room?
a) Aerosol transmission
b) Implantation
c) Contact
What is the other name for dry necrosis:
a) Sphacelus
b) Eschara
c) Echimosis
Loss of deep sensitivity of the extremity in cases of arterial emboli is a sign of
a) Initiation of the disease
b) Initial ischemia
c) Temporary condition that should pass away
. Perther`s sign is used to examine:
a) Neck rigidity
b) Deep vein competence
c) Presence of pain in the hip joint
7. What is the appropriate time to perform secondary stitching?
a) Between 10th and 15th days
b) Between 8th and 10th days
c) After the 20th day
8. Malignant transformation of scar tissue can occur when the cicatrix is caused by which of the following?
a) Burns
b) Sun radiation
c) X-rays
What is the appropriate management of a penetrating wound of the foot:
a) Antibiotic treatment
b) Surgical excision
c) Wound drainage
10. Acute transplant rejection is mediated by which part of the immune system:
a) Activation of complement
b) T-lymphocytes
c) macrophages
11. Myonecrosys is typical for which of the following diseases:
a) Tetanus
b) Gas gangrene
c) Venomous snake bite
12. Subperiostal abscess is typically found in which of the following:
a) Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis
b) Purulent arthritis
c) Chronic hematogenous osteomyelitis
13. Which of the following toxins is responsible for myonecrosis in gas gangrene.:
a) α-lecitinasa C
b) collagenasa,
c) haemolysin.
Which of the following is the main path for infection with tuberculosis:
a) Main source of infection is a patient with lung tuberculosis
b) Main source of infection are sick animals.
c) Main source of infection are contaminated biological substances.
15. TNM cannot be applied in which of the following diseases:
a) Small cell lung cancer
b) Neuroendocrine tumors
c) Acute blastic leukemia
Lagging face on one side, which can lead to permanent disfigurement and crippling occurred in:
a. Squint
b. Scoliosis
c. Torticollis
2. When is the most appropriate time to shave the skin before surgery?
a. The evening before surgery
b. Immediately before the operation
c. Three days prior to surgery
Before suturing the surgical wound, which of the following is carried out?
a) Hemostasis is verified
b) All tools, compresses, and pads are counted
c) The tool table is removed
Fistula have the potential to:
a. Recover spontaneously
b. Relapses
c. Malignant progression
Warming of the ischemic limb will:
a. Improve collateral circulation
b. Accelerate tissue damage
c. Does not change the state
Smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, high-fat diet leads to:
a. Diabetes
b. Atherosclerosis
c. Gout
7. When to perform primary suture?
a. Up to 6 hours
b. Upto1or2day
c. After 12 hours
8. Livid, bruised and slightly undermined edges of a contusion are identified as:
a. Inflamed
b. Traumatic decollement
c. Stupor localis
First degree burn has:
a. Dry, white or charred skin
b. Flushing
c. Blisters, redness, transudation, pain
10. The first heart transplantation was performed by:
a. Norman Shumway
b. Christian Barnard
c. Thomas Starzl
11. Most numerous inhabitants of the normal gastrointestinal tract are:
a. Anaerobic microbes
b. Aerobic microbes
c. Coliforms
12. Tetanospazmin blocks:
a. Muscles
b. Nerve axons
c. Transmitters of inhibitory presynaptic neurons
13. Which antibiotic is a choice for treatment of gas gangrene?
a. Meronem
b. Gentamycin
c. Penicillin G
14. What is necrosis in tuberculosis:
a. Coagulation
b. Liquefactive necrosis
c. No necrosis is formed
15. Shock index is not applicable in patients with:
a.Atrial fibrillation
b. Paroxysmal tachycardia
c. Both
Both
When palpable bump on the head in the newborn pulses, it can be:
a. Congenital aneurysm
b. Cerebral hernia
c. Hematoma following birth
Which of the following is an element of asepsis?
a) Hygienic hand washing
b) Preoperative treatment of the patient's skin
c) Placing gloves and sterile dressing during operations
Safeguards for insulation, autoclaving instruments and proper waste disposal are part of:
a. Antiseptic
b. Aseptic
c. Hospital hygiene
Fistula are covered with
a. Granulation tissue
b. Epithelial tissue
c. Mucosal lining
Whichof the following is crucial for the evolution of ischemia in arterial embolism:
a. Timely diagnosis
b. Arterial spasm
c. Collateral circulation
6. Fireman 45 years old weight 74 kg receives 64% skin burn of 3 degree. He was transported to the hospital 30 min after the accident. What is amount of volume infusion of Ringer lactate needs for first hours?
a. 200 ml/h for 7 hours
b. 1260 ml/h for seven hours and a half
c. 950 ml/h for 11 hours
7. When is perform primary delayed suture?
a. Between 1 and 2 days
b. Between 4 and 6 days
c. Between 10 and 12 days
8. Untreated diabetes will affect:
a. Wound healing
b. Peripheral perfusion
c. Diuresis
Peptides that specifically attract macrophages during wound regeneration are exempt from:
a. Collagen
b. Fibrinogen
c. Leukocytes
Basal purulent meningitis may result from:
a. Actinomycosis of the face
b. Furuncle of the upper lip
c. Furuncle of the chin
11. Fistulae secreting sulfur-like pellets is typical for:
a. Actinobacteriosis
b. TB
c. Osteomyelitis
The toxin alfa-lecytinase is present at:
a. Bites of poisonous snakes
b. Tetanus
c. Gas gangrene
13. What surgery is recommended for gas gangrene:
a. Amputation
b. Extensive skin incisions with lavage and drainage of purulent exudate
c. Lamp incisions with opening of the fascia and necrectomy of the devitalized muscles
What is and abscess in tuberculosis:
a. No abscess forms
b. Cold abscess
c. Hot abscess
15. The Blakemore nasogastric tube is used for:
a. bleeding varicose veins of the esophagus
b. bleeding from cardia
c. both
Which of the following about persistent ductus thyreoglossus is true?
a. Infection of the cyst can heal spontaneously
b. This anomaly communicates with foramen cecum of the tongue
c. May lead to acute respiratory failure
Who were the first professors of surgery at the first Bulgarian medical school?
a. P. Stoyanov and A. Stanishev
b. R. Shtirlin and A. Geshev
c. A. Petrov and G. Moshov
The prophylactic use of antibiotics to prevent infection during surgery is best:
a. After the end of the operation
c. The day before the operation
A phlyctena represents:
a. Soft tissue necrosis
b. Bull skin inflammation
c. Skin blister filled with blood
Which of the following veins have valves:
a. Portal vein
b. Common iliac vein
c. Femoral vein
Sugillatio is blood accumulated in:
a. Mucous membranes
b. Serous membranes
c. Skin
When to perform early secondary suture?
a. Between 4 and 6 days
b. Between 8 and 10 days
c. Between 15 and 20 days
The main component of snake venom is:
a. Alfa-lecithin
b. Phospholipase A
c. Aflatoxin
Hematoma formed around fractured femur has volume about:
a. 200 ml
b. 500 ml
c. 1000 ml
Main component of the pus are:
a. Dead microorganisms
b. Live microorganisms
c. Dead phagocytes
An infection focus limited by pyogenic membrane is called:
a. Cellulitus
b. Gas gangrene
c. Abscess
Tonic-clonic seizures are typical for:
a. Anthrax
b. Sepsis
c. Tetanus
What is a tetanus infection:
a. Tetanus is an acute non contagious wound infection
b. Tetanus is an acute contagious wound infection
c. Tetanus is a chronic non contagious wound infection
14. What is tuberculoma?
a) Encapsulated caseous focus with dimensions of 2–8 cm
b) An organized structure composed of blood, macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, peripheral T Lymphocytes, and a Ghon focus in the center
c) Cold abscess
b) An organized structure composed of blood, macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, peripheral Tlymphocytes, and a Ghon focus in the center
An appendix filled with pus is called:
a. Appendix abscess
b. Phlegmon of the appendix
c. Empyema of the appendix
Which of the following disorders are present in infants with Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome:
a) inadequate or impossible feeding
b) aspiration pneumonia and lung abscesses
c) speech defects and mental disorders
2. Who introduces the decontamination/sterilization of surgical instruments and hospital sheets with steam under pressure?
a) Joseph Lister
b) Ernst von Bergmann
c) Louis Pasteur
3. After the operation, the floor of the operating room is cleaned:
a) In the beginning of cleaning process
b) At the end of cleaning process
c) It Doesn’t matter
4. Claudicatio intermittens is typical for :
a) Chronic venous insufficiency
b) Joint sprain
c) Arterial aterosclerosis
5. Where do arterial emboli most often occlude arteries?
a) in the smaller peripheral arteries
b) where the atherosclerotic plaques are
c) in the bifurcations of the arteries
6. The outer layer of the skin protects against:
a) Drying
b) Infections
c) Absorption of toxins
7. What conditions can prolong bleeding?
a) thrombocytopenia
b) hemophilia
c) leukocytopenia
8. A 30-year-old patient gets a burn on the entire surface of the upper limb, half of the front surface of the body, and a third of the right lower limb. What is the percentage of the total burn on the entire body surface?
a) 19%
b) 24%
c) 34%
9. In case of bone fracture, how many projections are the least necessary for an accurate X-ray diagnosis: a) one
b) two
c) four
10. Mast cell (mastocyte) granules are loaded with:
a) serotonin
b) histamine
c) mastocidin
Acute purulent inflammation of the hair follicle and surrounding tissue is called:
a) carbuncle
b) hydroadenitis
c) furuncle
12. Cytokines occur in:
a) tuberculosis
c) sepsis
How does Clostridium tetani infection occur:
a) Ingestion of spores while eating
b) The infection is transmitted from a sick person to a healthy person
c) Infection occurs through extensive traumatic wounds, burns, puncture wounds contaminated with spores
14. What is tuberculous granuloma:
a) Cold abscess
b) encapsulated caseous outbreak measuring 2-8 cm
c) an organized structure composed of blood, macrophages, multinucleated giant cells, peripheral T lymphocytes, and an outbreak of caseous necrosis in the center
15. Blumberg's sign is positive in patients with:
a) Acute appendicitis
b) Perforated gastric ulcer
1. Excessive salivation is a symptom of:
a) sepsis
b) congenital pyloric stenosis
c) congenital stenosis of the esophagus
2. What is the most common source of contamination in the operating room?
a) The patient
b) The operator
c) The air
Inflammation of chronic lymphedema can lead to:
a) fistula
b) skin ulcer
c) pyoderma gangrenosum disease
4. Phlegmasia coerulea dolens is:
a) venous disease
b) arterial disease
c) inflammatory soft tissue disease
5. Lymphatic vessels:
a) Have a basal membrane
b) do not have a basal membrane
c) have no adventitia
The outer layer of the skin:
a) Prevents from traumas
b) Regulates body temperature
c) Minimizes heat loss
7. Which of the following options for wound healing is not true?
a) its strength does not increase significantly during the first week
b) in the early phase, there is epithelialization, protein aggregation, and forming of blood vessels
c) over time it becomes healthier than undamaged skin
With an unprotected head at low temperatures, part of all body heat is lost up to:
a) 30%
b) 50%
c) 25%
In case of thermal trauma, maintain hourly diuresis:
a) 0.5 - 1 ml / kg body weight
b) 2 – 2,5 ml / kg body weight
c) Over 3 ml / kg body weigh
Erysipelas is caused by:
a) staphylococci
b) streptococci
c) staphylococci and streptococci
11. Factors for the appearance of furuncle are:
a) sweating
b) friction
c) increased temperature locally
d) constant contamination
12. The four signs of inflammation are formulated by:
a) Galen
b) Celus
c) Hippocrates
13. Which of the toxins is crucial to demonstrate the typical clinical picture of Tetanus:
a) chemotoxin - tetanolysin
b) neurotoxin - tetanospasmin
c) fibrolysin
14. What is caseous necrosis:
a) destroyed mycobacteria and lung parenchyma
b) detrital substances, dead leukocytes, and macrophages
c) neither
15. To prove the presence of sepsis, you must examine:
a) Blood for a complete blood count
b) Blood for blood cultures
c) Blood for nitrogen indicators
1. Surgery for congenital atresia of the esophagus should be performed within 12 hours after birth due to:
a) inability to eat
b) risk of aspiration pneumonia
c) developmental delay
2. Who performs the first successful general anesthesia?
a) James Simpson
The demarcation groove of the limbs is typical for:
a) Liquefactive necrosis
b) coagulation gangrene
c) gas gangrene
4. Ulcus cruruis varicosum is:
a) anthrax ulcer
b) ulcer venous stasis in the lower limbs
c) chronic non-healing ulcer
5. The normal pressure in the portal vein is:
a) 2to3mmHg
b) 5to10mmHg
c) 12to15mmHg
Inhalation of fumes or hot air impose/suppose:
a) observation
b) intubation
c) transportation to a specialized center
7. What about the sewing materials made from animal intestines is true?
a) they are made from the intestines of a cow
b) they degrade in 2 – 3 weeks
c) the tissue reaction around them is greater than that around ordinary sutures
In the angiogenesis of the granulation tissue are necessary:
a) chemoattractants
b) fibroblasts
c) fibrin
When transporting a patient with spinal cord injury, which is more important?
a) Fast transport
b) Good care and comfort
c) Immobilization
10. The incubation period for tetanus is usually:
a) around 5 days
b) upto3days
c) 7–14days
11. In anaerobic gas-forming infection, the gas is located:
a) Under the skin
b) Between the muscles
c) In the course of the vessels and nerves
12. The wound from a bite is:
a) Sterile
b) Initially infected
c) Contaminated
13. Where are the bacteria in Tetanus:
a) In the nervous system
b) In the circulation
c) At the place it entered the body
14. How is an M. Tuberculosis infection proven:
a) Microbiological examination of sputum or suitable biological material to detect the cause
b) Conducting a skin tuberculin test (Mantoux test), quantifiers test, TB-SPOT test - for latent infection
15. What is a gunshot wound called in Latin?
a) Vulnus morsum
b) Vulnus punctum
c) Vulnus sclopetarium
1. The paragenetic factors for the appearance of congenital anomalies are:
a) which damage the germ cells as they mature in genetically healthy individuals
b) false genetic factors
c) physical and chemical factors
2. Who supplies the tools, consumables, and sewing material during the operation?
a) The circulating nurse
b) The operating room nurse
c) The operator’s assistant
3. What is typical for ulcers?
a) The tendency to relapse
b) To recover quickly
c) Not to be malignant
4. Ulcus cruruis varicosum is due to:
a) Impaired tissue metabolism
b) Increased venous pressure
c) both
5. In patients with chronic arterial insufficiency of the limbs arterial blood flow:
a) Is at rest just like in healthy patients
b) decreases after movement
6. The decolman is:
a) Skin tearing
b) Detachment of the skin from the fascia
c) Traumatic snatching of the fingers
7. Which fracture can cause serious damage to a blood vessel?
a) In the middle of the humerus
b) Supracondylar fracture of the humerus
c) Fracture in the middle of the femur
8. In second stage frostbite, the skin blisters are rich in:
a) histamine
b) thromboxane
c) potassium
9. Spring fixation is a symptom of:
a) Femoral neck fracture
c) joint spraint
10. Which of the following is true?
a) Most of the gram-negative microorganisms are associated with surgical infection
b) Gram-negative microorganisms rarely experience a surgical infection
c) Gram-negative microorganisms are not involved in the surgical infection
11. In gas anaerobic infection when penicillin treatment is given, the 24-hour dose is:
a) 10000000Е
b) 20000000Е
c) over 40 000 000 Е
12. What is frostbite necrosis:
a) Caseous
b) Wet
c) Dry
13. Which can mimic the clinical picture of tetanus:
a) Hysteria
b) Hypocalcemia
c) Acute meningitis
14. In Gram straining:
a) Mycobacteria are slightly Gram-positive
b) Mycobacteria do not retain staining because the cell wall has a high lipid and mucolytic acid content.
c) Both statements are true
15. Which of the following is a contraindication for blood transfusion:
a) Positive direct Coombs’ test
b) Fever
c) Positive indirect Coombs’ test
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