Gut microbiota refers to the bacteria that live in our colon (Dickdarm) and their role is a mystery. Discuss
Yes they mainly live in our colon However, thei role is not a mystery. We now have extensive of what many different microbiota species do, how they benefit us and how they shape our immune system and physiology.
What is colonization resistance and whar are the main differences between direct and indirect colonization resistance.
Colonization resitance = ability of the microbiota to naturally prevent or diminish pathogens from colonizing the gut
direct = microbiota itself targets pathogens
indirect = microbiota modifies the host`s response so that it can fight pathogens more efficiently
Germ free mice are susceptible to fungal infections and also allergic asthma. Why is that?
Germ free mice have abnormally elevated Th2 responses and produce abnormally high levels of IgE, which pre-disposes to allergics and asthma. GF mice could become susceptible to certain fungal infections because they lack Th17 cells which are the immune cells better equipped to fight fungal infections
What are the key differences between invasive and noninvasive enteropathogenic bacteria?
Invasive bacteria break the barrier and enter the organ infecting various immune and non-immune populations and if not dealt with locally can disseminate and cause serious systemic infection.
Noninvasive bacteria do not enter the organ rather they mutiply on the epithelial surface and cause disease by overactivating the immune system or by injecting toxins that disrupt normal cell phyciology
What are attaching and effacing bacteria and why are TH17-deficient mice susceptible to to Citrobacter rodentium infection?
AE bacteria are a group of noninvasice enteropathogenic bacteria that firmly attach and multiply on the surface of the intestinal epithelila cells resulting in the destruction of the villi
Protective immunity against Citrobacter rodentium a mouse model of EPEC requires the presence of Th17 cells
How can Listeria monocytogenes infect the gut mucosa and how does it manage to spread from cell to cell?
IBD is a homogenous, inherited inflammatory condition affecting the large intestine? Discuss
It is not homogenous, inherited but not dominant and also in other areas then large intestine
Celliac disease causes severe gut pathology as a result of an aberrant Th1 responses to gluten. What is the mechanism behind this pathology?
Celiac disease is characterized by villi atrophy of the jejunum. It has been suggested that therapeutic antibodies blocking the receptor NKG2D might alleviate villi pahtology. why?
Because NKG2D can activate IELs
IBD and CD are autoimmune diseases. Discuss.
What is AI?
simply destruction of self-tissues by immune system then both IBD and Cd = AI
definition of AI with nature of antigen that the attacking T and/or B cells recognice, then antigen shoud be self….. then IBD and CD antigen is foreign
however are the microbiota foreign since we are symbionts?
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