3. Lessons from the HGP

Which statements regarding the lessons and results from the Human Genome Project (HGP) are correct?

1) The sequencing error rate of the finished human genome was >100-fold less than the average difference between two human chromosomes

2) The sequence from the public human genome is largely derived from a male person from Buffalo, New York

3) The economic impact of the HGP was roughly as high as its costs

4) The Bermuda principles of the HGP refer to making the generated sequence data publicly available within 24 hours of their generation

5) The HGP was finished in 2001

Which statements about sequence coverage and physical coverage of a genome assembly are correct?

1) A sequence coverage of 1x is usually sufficient for a decent genome assembly

2) Increasing the sequence coverage increases the sequence quality of contigs

3) Sequence coverage is never larger than the physical coverage

4) For physical coverage one needs to sequence DNA fragments from both ends

5) Sequencing BAC clones from both ends helps to increase thephysical coverage

A genome  has been sequenced at 2x coverage using whole genome shotgun sequencing. Assuming a Poisson distribution (P(k,lambda) = lambda^k * e^-lambda)/k!)), what percentage of the genome is covered by at least 2 reads?

1) ~100%

2) ~59%

3) ~25%

4) ~13.5%

5) ~2%

A human BAC library is described as having an average insert size of 100kbp and a physical coverage of 100x. How many clones should the library contain approximately?

1) 100

2) 10000

3) 1 million

4) 3 million

5) 3 billion

Which statements are true for Sanger sequencing?

1) A disadvantage is that read length a limited to ~300bp

2) Double stranded DNA is separated on an agarose gel to detect DNA molecules of different length

3) Read legths are limited by the resolution of the gel

4) With the Dye terminator chemistry, the four different ddNTPs are labeled with four different fluroescent dyes

5) ddNTPs and dNTPs are useq in equal molar reatios

Which statements regarding the development of Next generation sequencing (NGS) are correct?

1) NGS has reduced sequencing costs more than 100.000-fold since the end of the Human Genome Project

2) In the last fifteen years, sequencing costs have dropped faster than computer chip costs

3) A key advantage of NGS is that DNA does not need to get amplified before sequencing

4) A key advantage of NGS is that the read lengths are much longer than Sanger Sequencing

5) Amplification of DNA by Emulsion PCR or Bridge Amplification serves a similar purpose in NGS as does cloning in bacteria in Sanger sequencing