CH2

1. determine alternative actions

2. Estimate benefits and costs

3. Subtract cost from benefit

4. Choose action with biggest net utility

Comparative value (exam prep good or bad)

Measurability (human life)

Unreliable cost/benefit (two week holiday)

What counts as cost/benefit (going to church)

Monetary equivalent (death)

Legal right = a person can act and others must respect according to legal system

Moral right = a right that exists everywhere just for being human

Negative rights = leave us alone (privacy)

Positive rights = Help us (right to food)

Contractual = keep agreement

First Formulation: Universalizability (What if everyone did this?)

Second Formulation: Humanity/Dignity

Third Formulation: Honor Contracts

1. humans should have basic amenities (positive rights)

2. Being free to think and free of injury (negative right)

3. Preserve and honor contracts (contractual right)

   categorical imperative explains why but not which ones but these are defendable

Distributive Justice (distribute benefits/burden)

Retributive Justice (impose punishment)

Compensatory justice (compensation for wrongs)

Egalitarianism (pol and Econ equality)

Capitalism (based on value of contribution)

Socialism ( based on need and ability)

Libertarianism ( based on free choices)

1. equal liberty

2. A) difference (greatest benefit to least advantaged)

   B) Equal opportunity

1>2 and 2b>2a

Equal liberty - freedom to pursue interest

Difference- protection against ending in worst position (veil of ignorance!!!!)

Equal opportunity - everyone wants their talent protected