Buffl

BC10-2(part1)

ds
von dawn S.

2. _______ Fatty Acids

- have 1 or more double bonds


a. Nomenclature

i. _______ Numbering System

- _________ carbon is designated as carbon 1

- double bond is given the number of the carbon atom on the carboxyl side of

the double bond

- ex: palmitoleic acid

- 16 carbons

- double bonds between carbons 9 and 10

 16 : 1 : 9 or 16 : 1 : 9


ii. ________ Name

- number of carbon atoms

- number of double bonds (unless it has only 1)

- suffix -_____

- ex: palmitoleic acid  cis-9

-hexadecenoic acid

linoleic acid

- 18 carbons

- 2 double bonds

 cis-9

, 12

-octadecadienoic acid


iii. _______ (ω) Numbering System

- terminal methyl group is the -carbon regardless of the chain length

- carbons in a fatty acid can also be counted beginning at the omega (or________) end of the

2. Unsaturated Fatty Acids

- have 1 or more double bonds


a. Nomenclature

i. Delta Numbering System

- terminal carboxyl carbon is designated as carbon 1

- double bond is given the number of the carbon atom on the carboxyl side of

the double bond

- ex: palmitoleic acid

- 16 carbons

- double bonds between carbons 9 and 10

 16 : 1 : 9 or 16 : 1 : 9


ii. Systematic Name

- number of carbon atoms

- number of double bonds (unless it has only 1)

- suffix -enoic

- ex: palmitoleic acid  cis-9

-hexadecenoic acid

linoleic acid

- 18 carbons

- 2 double bonds

 cis-9

, 12

-octadecadienoic acid


iii. Omega (ω) Numbering System

- terminal methyl group is the -carbon regardless of the chain length

- carbons in a fatty acid can also be counted beginning at the omega (or methyl terminal) end of the

2. Mitochondrial (The Citrate Shuttle System and Malic Enzyme)


b. Reactions

i. ______ catalyzes the reaction of acetyl CoA with ________(………………)  form _____in the mitochondria


ii. Citrate is transported into the cytosol by a _________ system


iii. Citrate reacts with CoA in the cytosol  _____ and _____

- catalyzed by citrate ______

- requires ______

- occurs when mitochondrial citrate concentration is ______

- observed when __________ is inhibited by the presence of large amounts of ATP  accumulation of citrate and isocitrate (large amounts of ATP + high citrate

concentration  enhancement of this pathway to occur)


iv. OAA is converted to_______ by an NAD+

-dependent cytosolic malate dehydrogenase


v. Malate is decarboxylated  ______

- catalyzed by malic enzyme

- forms ______ from NADP+

vi. ___ is transported into the mitochondria by an ____ transport system


vii. OAA can be regenerated from pyruvate by the actions of ___________ which requires ________

2. Mitochondrial (The Citrate Shuttle System and Malic Enzyme)


b. Reactions

i. Citrate synthase catalyzes the reaction of acetyl CoA with OAA (Oxaloacetic acid)  form citrate in the mitochondria


ii. Citrate is transported into the cytosol by a tricarboxylic acid transport system


iii. Citrate reacts with CoA in the cytosol  acetyl CoA and OAA

- catalyzed by citrate lyase

- requires ATP

- occurs when mitochondrial citrate concentration is high

- observed when isocitrate dehydrogenase is inhibited by the presence of large amounts of ATP  accumulation of citrate and isocitrate (large amounts of ATP + high citrate

concentration  enhancement of this pathway to occur)


iv. OAA is converted to malate by an NAD+

-dependent cytosolic malate dehydrogenase


v. Malate is decarboxylated  pyruvate

- catalyzed by malic enzyme

- forms NADPH from NADP+


vi. Pyruvate is transported into the mitochondria by an active transport system


vii. OAA can be regenerated from pyruvate by the actions of pyruvate carboxylase which requires ATP

Author

dawn S.

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