What are risk factors for developing urinary tract cancer?
Tobacco use
Prolonged (occupational) exposure to carcinogens
Chronic inflammation of the urinary tract
HPV 16 infection
Increased chlorine/arsenic content in drinking water
Iatrogenic: pelvic irradiation; cyclophosphamide treatment; bladder augmentation surgery (e.g., with ileum/colon)
Previous or family history (genetic predisposition) of urothelial cancer
Urachus remnant
Which carcinogens can lead to cancer?
azo dye
heavy metals
phenacetin
aromatic amines like benzidine and aniline dye
Mnemonic?
A carcinogen ACTS on the bladder: Aniline dye, Cyclophosphamide, Tobacco, Schistosomiasis
Zuletzt geändertvor 2 Jahren