Alliteration
emphasis that occurs through the repetition of initial consonant letters of two or more neighbouring words
claire, close your cluttered closet
Allusion
a reference to a familiar or famous historical or literary figure or event
chocolate cake is my achilles heel
Analogy
similarity between two things
life is like a box of chocolate,- you never know what you get
Anaphora
the Repetition of identical words or phrases at the beginning of a sentence or a line
we cannot dedicate…. we cannot
Antithesis/ contrast
a contrast between two things
keep your mouth closed and your eyes open
Antonym
a word that means the opposite of another word
hot and cold
Direct address
when the audience is spoken to in the second person
Friends, Romans, countrymen
Ellipsis
leaving out words from a sentence that can be understood from the context in order to avoid repetition and to give a statement more emphasis
john saw two birds in the sky, and bill saw three
Enjambement
a structure in which a thought or statement in one line runs into the next
To be or not to be - that is the question
Enumeration
a listing of words or phrases
Euphemism
Word used for sth unpleasant to make it sound less unpleasant
passed away instead of dies
Exclamation
something that you say suddenly and loudly because you are surprised, impressed, angry etc
what a lovely view you have here!
Extended metaphor
a metaphor extended over several lines
You’re a snake! Everything you hiss out of your mouth is a lie
Hyperbole
Representing something as being larger, greater, better or worse than it actually is
He is older than the hills
Inclusive language
Including the audience to create a sense of unity or identity
We, my friends
Metaphor
Two ideas that are normally not linked are compared in a metaphor without using as or like
Makes description more powerful
He is a shining star
Onomatopoeia
Words that sound like their meaning
Bang, clap
Parallelism
the repetition of a sentence pattern
Look at you… look at us
Personification
A thing, an idea or an animal is given human attributes
The sun smiled down at us
Register
The degree of formally in language use
Formal: i Must say I am not particularly fond of his film
neutral: i’ve never liked his films
Repetition
Words or phrases that are used more than once in a text
I have fought for … and i have fought for
Rhetorical question
an assertion in the form of a question which strongly suggests a particular response
Is rain wet?
Rhyme
The repetition of sounds usually at the end of two or more lines
Roses are wet, violets are blue sugar is sweet and so are you
Symbol
sth concrete tagt also carries an abstract meaning
Black is usually the color of death
Simile
a comparison of two ideas, usually linked by “as” or “like”
As slow as a sloth
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