• Separation & segregation of the residential population with the creation of largely Socio-structural, demographic & ethnically homogeneous urban districts

  • due to suburbanisation

Social Segregation

• “Poverty Segregation”

  • based on income

Demographic Segregation

• age

• type of household

Ethnic Segregation

• nationality

• religious affiliation

• Development of negative socio-spatia characteristics

  • Skyscrapers, old housing estates, low-quality residential blocks

    • Slums & Ghettos

• Constructual, social & functional upgrading of inner-city districts with mostly attractive building structures by the attracting population which leads to increased rental prices and the initial (low-income) population are displaced.