radiotherapy

Use of electric current used throughout the body to stimulate nerves and muscles, chiefly used in treatment of forms of paralysis

Interference Currents, Russian Currents.

Generation of a new endogen low frequency current with a modulated amplitude and frequency 0-100 Hz – the difference between the original and medium frequency currents.

INTERFERENCE= traumatologie: low callus recovery, joint stiffness /

contractures/ ‘periarthritis, luxations, haematoma, sports injuries,

posttraumatic, degenerative and postoperative disorders. of the locomotors system .Neurology-neuritis , radiculitis, injuries of the peripheral nerves, herpes

zoster .Gynecology-chronic disorders, metritis, dysfunctional menstrual disorders, sterility.Dermatology-atonics wound .Circulation disturbances-Raynaud’disease, venous insufficiency

RUSSIAN = ARTHO-RHEUMATOLOGY: arthrosis, arthritis, periarthritis. 


PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM: Radiculitis, plexitis radiculalgia, 


PERIPHERAL PARESIS.


BRONCHITIS.


GASTRITIS, COLITIS.

RUSSIAN = analgesia, resvulsive effect, sympaticolysis, trophic effect (stimulate tissue regeneration ie wound & bone regeneration), excitomotory effect (electrogymnastics).

NTERFERENCE = analgesia, stimulation of metabolism, tissue regeneraton, bone regeneration, excitomotory.

Frequency: 10-300 MHz.

Wave length = 1-30 m

Variances: Electric field, magnetic field.

D’Arsonval current

Diathermy

Ultrahigh frequency currents

Decimeter Waves

Centimeter Waves

This is the basic effect of high frequency currents. It is a high frequency current passed into part of body causing heat to be produced inside the body tissues.

Darsonvalisation = SNP (neuritis, neuralgia, radiculopathy, polyneuropathy), Dermatology (pruritis, eczma, acne vulgaris, cosmetics


Diathermy = SCV (stenocardia hypertonia arterialis, Raynaud, angiotherophoneurosis), ARTHO- RHEUMATOLOGICAL (myositis, tendovaginitis, arthrosis, arthritis), SNP (neuritis, neuralgia, radiculopathy, polyneuropathy), gastritis, colitis, adnexitis

Ultrahigh frequency currents/Diathermy/Centimeter = sinusitis, rhinitis, arthro- rheumatologic diseases (myositis, tendovaginitis, arthrosis, arthritis), SNP(neuritis, neuralgias, radiculopathy, polyneuropathy), adnexitis.

Inducing endogen heat (facile and deep penetration per cutis).

Analgesia, Muscle relaxation, vasodilation, trophic effect, anti-inflammatory effect, stimulation of metabolism, bactericidal effect.

Asthma, Diabetes, Epilepsy, Pacemakers, Pregnancy, Electro-phobia, Cuts,

abrasions, open sores, infections, Metal implants, (pins or plates), Metal jewelry, loss of skin sensation, high bp, fracture,

general contraindications for electrotherapy and also fractures, tumours, infectious diseases that require heat or

fevers, pregnant women, patients with pacemakers, epilepsy, TB, thrombophlebitis, severe mental disorders, atherosclerosis areas, metallic implants, hypersensitive to electrical events and don’t apply to carotid sinus or through head

A therapeutic treatment of disease of passive and active muscular movements (as by massage) and of exercise.

• Pacemaker

• Pregnancy

• Phlebitis

• Heart conditions

• Metal implants

• Thrombosis

• Epilepsy

• Cancer

Vasodilation, stimulation of metabolism, throphic effect, stimulation of phagocytic activity

Uninterrupted unidirectional flow of electrons toward the positive pole “monophasic current”. Constant direction + velocity of movement.

Alternating current “biphasic current”, produces waveforms with 2 separate phases during an individual cycle. The continuous flow of electrons is bidirection, constantly reversing its polarity.

reduce pain, improve circulation, repair tissues, strengthen muscles, and promote bone growth

• Relaxation of muscle spasms.

• Prevention or retardation of disuse atrophy.

• Increasing local blood circulation.

• Muscle re-education.

• Immediate post-surgical stimulation of calf muscles to prevent venous thrombosis.

• Maintaining or increasing range of motion.

• Dysphagia

DDT are constant pulsating semi-sinusoidal currents with frequency of 50 and 100Hz, layered on galvanic current

Form is semi-sinusoidal.Pulsating, undulating currents. Low frequency current. Also called Bernard current.

Monophase fixe (MF) – single phase rectified. 50 Hz, pulse 10 ms and relax 10 seconds. Effect: muscle stimulation + muscle vibration. 


Diphase fixe (DF) – 2 phase rectified, frequency 100 Hz, analgesic effect + vasodilation

Courtes periodes (CP) – T=2 secs. DF = 11/10 sec. MF = 9/10 sec. Alternation MF and DF in ratio 1:1 = effect is analgesia. 


Longues periodes (LP) – Alternation MF & DF in rato 5s:7 seconds. For analgesia.

Rhythme syncope (RS) – T = 2sec. MF = 11/10 sec. Pause 9/10sec. Dynaogenic effect – muscle stimulation.

Monophase Module (MM) – RS but modulated MF. Dynamogenic effect – muscle stimulation of denervated muscles. 


The use of magnetic field for therapeutic objectives. The therapeutic effect is realized through putting a part of the human body in the sphere of action of the magnetic field.

- Low frequency variable MF

- variable MF - Variable pulsed MF

- Constant Magnetic Field

Generated MF has frequency of 50 Hz in form of series of impulses. Can change the impulse period (on-period), of pause period (off-period), of frequency of repetition of the pulses.

Non specific influence on the permeability + potential of the cellular membranes: stimulation of the diffusion and the osmosis through the membrane; depolarization of water in the cell – transition from a polarized state to a non-polarised state.

- Influence on the cellular parts – nucleus, organelles, especially mitochondria. -

–Influence on the chromosomes.

- Metabolic changes through stimulation of the enzyme systems (oxidative phosphorylation (reduction of the libber oxidation) in mitochondria, respectively the biological efficacy of the respiratory chain, dielectric permeability, absorption of light).

- Stimulation of the glycolysis

- Influence of the physic + chemic capacities of water: superficial tension, viscosity, electro-conductibility, dielectric permeability, absorption of light.

- Changes of the complexes of water with protein molecules, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, lipids

- Inhibition of the increased neuro-irritability (EEG)

- Inhibition of the motor activity

- Inhibition of the conditional reflexes

- Diminution of the sensibility versus different sensory signals - Inhibition of neurotransmission in CNS and peripheral nerve.

Trophic effect, stimulation of metabolism + tissue repair. Anti-inflammatory

Inhibition of increased neuro-irritability, analgesic effect. Relaxation of muscular visceral spasm.

CV diseases (chronic ischemic heart diseases, arterial hypertension, obliterating diseases of the peripheral vessels – Raynaud, burger, thrombophlebitis).

Inflammatory and degenerative joint diseases (arthrosis, arthritis (rheumatism, rheumatoid), periarthritis, tendovaginitis, morbus Bechterewi, osteochondrosis, spondylosis, spondylarthrosis).

Neurology: Neuritis, radiculitis, plexitis, trigeminal neuralgia, intercostal neuralgia, radiculalgia, radiculopathia, plexalgia, plexopathia.

Inflammatory processes: suppurative wound, mastitis, furuncle, carbuncle Dermatology: urticaria, sclerodermia, acne vulgaris.

Cardiac insufficiency, febrility, thrombophlebitis with gangrene, pregnancy, presence of metal ostheosynthesis, insupportability to the MF.

Contraindications include pregnancy, neoplastic disease, active TB, juvenile diabetes, thyrotoxicosis, bleeding from alimentary system, severe infections, presence of electronic implants (pacemaker)

Mechanical waves of the material particles (air, water, tissue). Frequency over the limits of the sounds, receipted by the human ear. The application of pure US = US therapy.

Ultrasound has a frequency of 20000 to 10^8 Hz.

Form of US in which topical liposoluble medication driven through skin – phonophoresis or sonophoresis.

Piezoelectric effect = capacity of some crystals to transform the mechanical energy in electrical energy. (mechanical energy ! electrical energy).

Reverse piezoelectric effect = the deformation of some crystals placed in electric field can generate mechanical waves of the material particles (electrical energy ! mechanical energy).

Thermal effect (US absorped by the tissue and acoustic energy transformed into heat, mostly absorbed and attenuated by bone then tendon, skin, muscle, fat). US produces temp of up to 46 degrees Celsius.

Nonthermal effects: 


Cavitation (gas bubble production in sound field due to turbulence with generation of UV-light and luminescence).

Acoustic streaming – unidirectional movement of compressible material or medium due to pressure asymmetries caused by travelling US waves.

Standing waves – superposition of high and low pressure waves at half wavelength interval

Micro- massage of tissue – from cavitation Facilitation of tissue healing.

At low intensities biological effects: hyperemia, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, bactericid effect, stimulation of metabolism, antispastic effect, fibrinolytic effect.

Physiological effect: stimulation of metabolism, regeneration of tissues, antiinflam, analgesic, sympatheticolysis.

Management of soft tissue dysfunctions (joint contractures, keloids, tendonitis, bursitis calcarean, myositis ossificans, skeletal muscle spasms, post herpetic neuralgic pain); facilitate tissue healing in dermal ulcers, incision wounds, tendon surgery, bone fractures, nerve compression injuries.

The electric charge (current) only flows in one direction

It is an electric current which periodically reverses direction

When the wave trains are superimposed in profound tissues and generate of a new endrofen low freq current with a modulated amplitude and freq 0 -100 Hz.