Oropharyngeal antiinfective drugs

Dental and Oral Agents

• Nystatin

• Chlorhexidine

Antifungals

• Fungistatic or fungicidal in action

• Binds to sterols in the fungal cell membrane, which no longer functions as a selective barrier and allows loss of potassium and other cellular constituents

• Active against a variety of yeasts and yeast-like fungi

• Inactive against bacteria, protozoa, and viruses

• Oral (swish and swallow)

• Nystatin is too toxic for intravenous use. For oropharyngeal candidiasis, the medication should be swished around in the mouth, gargled, and then swallowed (swish and swallow).

Oropharyngeal candidiasis

• Hypersensitivity to nystatin or any ingredient in the formulation

• Pregnancy

• Gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., diarrhea, nausea, pain)

Bisbiguanides

leakage of intracellular components due to cell membrane disruption

cause precipitation of intracellular proteins and nucleic acids

• Gingivits (Used as a mouthwash or oral rinse (topical oral solution) for treatment of gingivitis; used between dental visits as part of a professional program.)

• Periodontitis (Used subgingivally (extended-release insert) for treatment of adult periodontitis as an adjunct to scaling and root planing to reduce periodontal pocket depth)

• Bacteria

• Enveloped viruses

• Fungi

NO

Hypersensitivity to the drug or any ingredient in the formulation

• Topical oral solution: Increased staining of teeth, esthetic restorations, and other oral surfaces; increased calculus formation; alteration of taste perception

• Subgingival inserts: Toothache, upper respiratory infection, headache