List general principles in treatment.
Long-term management of asthma involves a combination of treatment, close follow-up, and patient education.
Goals for managing asthma
Symptom control with antiasthmatic medications and adjunctive therapy
Reducing the risk of exacerbations (e.g., allergen mitigation; treatment of modifiable risk factors such as obesity or smoking)
Specific asthma variants and phenotypes (e.g., exercise-induced asthma) require tailored treatment.
For the management of exacerbations, see “Acute asthma exacerbation.”
The key to long-term asthma management is a continuous cycle of clinical assessment and treatment adjustment.
Describe the overall approach.
Confirm diagnosis of asthma.
Assess severity (see “Classification of asthma severity”).
Initiate antiasthmatic medication based on severity.
Manage comorbidities; reduce exposure to asthma triggers (see “Adjunctive therapy”).
Monitor response to therapy.
Adjust treatment (step up or step down) based on response to therapy.
Schedule frequent follow-ups.
Long-term follow-up and reassessment of asthma symptom control are recommended every 1–6 months.
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