Describe the epidemiology.
Most common form of cord prolapse (0.5% births)
Describe the cause.
often seen in presentation anomalies (e.g., breech presentation, transverse fetal position), multiple pregnancy, long umbilical cord, or abnormal fetal movement (polyhydramnios, premature birth)
Describe clinical features.
an abrupt change from a previously normal CTG to one with fetal bradycardia or recurrent, severe decelerations, occuring after the rupture of membranes
Diagnostics and management.
Diagnostics: thick, pulsating cord is palpable on vaginal examination
Management: intrauterine resuscitation measures
Describe the occult umbilical cord prolapse.
Similar to overt umbilical cord prolapse, but the umbilical cord has not advanced past the presenting fetal part.
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