What is the genome?
The entire genetic material of an organism.
Where is DNA stored?
DNA is stored in the nucleus - an organelle in a cell.
DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid.
What is the genome in order of size?
From biggest to smallest:
Cell > Nucleus > Chromosomes > DNA > Genes > Nucleotides
What is a nucleotide made up of?
1) A phosphate group
2) A pentose sugar (a sugar with 5 carbon atoms)
3) A DNA base (A, T, C, G)
A phosphate group is a phosphorus atom connected to 4 oxygen atoms. The phosphorus atom has one double covalent bond to an oxygen atom. One of the oxygen atoms must be bonded to another atom (e.g hydrogen)
What does A, T, C and G stand for?
Adamine, Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine.
What is a genotype?
The genetic make up of an organism.
What is a phenotype?
The observable characteristics and traits of an organism.
What does it mean to be heterozygous?
It means you have 2 different alleles.
What does it mean to be homozygous?
It means you have the same 2 alleles.
What are alleles (uh-leelz)?
Two copies of the same genes.
What are dominant and recessive genes?
Dominant genes - you only need one copy of this allele for it to be expressed.
Recessive genes - you need two copies of this gene for it to be expressed.
Punnett Squares
Punnett squares show how likely an offspring's genotype will be like. Capital letters show the dominant gene and lowercase letters show the recessive gene. Here, it's a 50/50 chance the offspring will be a green or yellow banana.
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