NATO

Democracy

Rule of law

Freedom

Individual liberty

Political sovereignity of its member states

Peace and security

Human rights

Containment of soviet influence

Collective defense

Peaceful conflict management

Preservation of peace, security and human rights

Promoting stability and well-being in the North Atlantic area

Massive Retaliation 1955:

If SU attacks NATO, NATO wil response with nuclear weapons,

Intention: deters an adversary from attacking since any attack could lead to full nuclear exchange

For this to work the adversary must believe that the defending state is willing to go through with the deterrent threat

-> deterrence + rising tensions

Flexible response 1967:

Stage plan with 3 stages: direct defense, deliberate escalation, general nuclear response

Intention: serves as more flexible policy in an attempt to avert nuclear war war if soviets dont cooperate with american demands

Assumption: having multiple options allows the application of the appropriate amount of force without risking escalation

->deterrence, disarmament

Partnership for peace 1999:

Partnership/cooperation with former adversaries

The alliances security policy is based on dialogue, cooperation and effective collective defense as instruments for preserving peace

-> reduces use of nuclear forces

Active management, modern defense 2010

Alliance doesnt consider any country as adversary, list of capabilities it aims to maintain or develop to counter existing and emerging threats

NATO will engage to prevent and manage crises, stabilize post-conflict situations

-> seeking security at the lowest possible level of forces by supporting arms control, disarmament

2022 strategy

Goal: stop russia as the most signigicant threat to nato’s security, china with their authoritarian pushbacks, terrorism, climate change, promote arms control/disarmament

Intentions: deterrence, defense, crisis prevention, cooperative security, stability

Invoking article 5 also in response to cyber security